Politics and government
Country's whose location made it a gateway between East and West for trade and economic power with banking
Italy
Holy book that provided guidelines by which Muslims were to live,
the Qur'an
The founder of Islam
Muhammad
The belief education should promote individual virtue and self-sacrificing public service
civic humanism
A revival of learning in Europe that centered in Italy
The Renaissance
These areas grew in the Middle Ages as farms declined
cities
Proclaimed that the popes are more powerful than kings (Spiritual and Temporal Power)
Pope Gelasius I
Leader of the French Army in the Thirty Years War who gave them a proud sense of national identity and destiny
Joan of Arc
Moved the papal court to Avignon, France and it remained there until 1377
Pope Clement, former archbishop at Bordeaux
The three Florentine artists of the Renaissance
Leonardo DaVinci
Raphael
Michelangelo
Treaty that divided the empire with Lothair retaining the imperial title and led to the formation of France and Germany
Treaty of Verdun
Split between the Orthodox and Catholic churches in 1054
The Great Schism
Crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 C.E. beginning the Holy Roman Empire
Charlemagne
Tribes that began to migrate to Western Europe in areas that was formerly occupied by Rome
Germanic tribes
Ostrogoths
Visigoths
the Franks
The basis of Byzantine prosperity
Trade olive oil, wine, porcelain and silk
What was the result of the Avignon Papacy?
National rights over religion.
Instituted to try all religious crimes of heresy which first began in France against all non-Catholic Christians
The Inquisition
Proclaimed that the popes are more powerful than kings (Spiritual and Temporal Power)
Pope Gelasius I
Results of the Crusades
Stimulated trade between East and West, which became a driving force for the Age of Exploration, but religiously a failure by the Catholic Church
Important achievements of Muslim scholars
Preserved and spread the scientific and philosophical achievements of ancient civilizations such as Greece
Made considerable advances of their own in mathematics and the natural sciences
Literature 1001 Arabian Nights - poetry
The social, political, military, and economic system where the weaker sought the protection of the stronger and their elements
The social, political, military, and economic system where the weaker sought the protection of the stronger and their elements
They set the stage for the Protestant Reformation when translating the Bible into English and Bohemian and vernacular
John Wycliffe and Jan Huss
Accomplishments of Justinian I
codification of Roman law which became the basis of legal systems throughout Europe
Rebuilt Constantinople the royal palace complex, Hagia Sophia, and the Hippodrome; public works projects
Ruled with his wife who reformed family law
Achievements of William the Conqueror
Brought in the Norman Conquest of England after defeating Harold Godwin
Ordered an economic survey of his kingdom for tax purposes – The Domesday Book
Established a new aristocracy that emphasized French language and culture and included military service
Causes of the Black Death 1347-1351
Dense overpopulation –disease to quickly spread through coughing which released the bacteria into the air and on clothing where it could be transferred
2. economic depression
3. famine
4. bad health- washing was rare and infrequent, and cities lacked sanitation
5. plague-infested fleas carried by rats