Unit 1
Define positionality
Positionality refers to the ways that the differences in social position and power shape identities and the way we can move through structures and institutions.
Categorize this expression: Dietary practices - Explain why.
Religious expression
Human right that cannot be limited and must be upheld in all circumstances
What is cultural transmission? Name the 3 types.
Vertical Transmission, Horizontal Transmission and Oblique Transmission
How many people in this class are on the wrestling team?
3
Define Biological Positivism
The theory rejects the idea that individuals have a choice and that instead criminal behaviour is the result of biological defects and abnormalities- influenced by highly racists beliefs
Difference between ritual and routine.
Ritual - Full of a deeper meaning - Concerns the process and not the end result - Breaks the rhythm/monotony of daily activity
Routine - Empty of a deeper meaning - Done to provide a physical result - Contributes to the rhythm/monotony of daily activity
Limiting Human Rights
They can be limited if one person is using their rights in a way that threatens another person or wider society.
Difference between social identity and personal identity.
Personal identity is hidden, developed over time - you have to get to know a person to know this. Social identity is unhidden, prescribed onto you, people make assumptions about this.
Who in this class is a twin?
Ayca
Who is Kimberlee Crenshaw and what is one ofher major concepts?
Kimberlee Crenshaw is a civil rights activist and leading critical race theorist. She explains the way that different parts of our identity is compounded and provides a unique experience of moving through society.
Categorize this expression: Fashion Production and Distribution - Explain why with an example
Philosophies
Define Cultural Relativism. What are the 3 types?
Established by Franz Boas - The principle that an individual's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture. - Moral Relativism, Epistemic Relativism and Alethic Relativism
Element ----> Function ----> Nature of Cultural Influence
Who in this class is in the Yearbook class?
Anastasiia
Stuart Hall is a Jamaican-British sociologist whose work focuses on blackness and identity.
The End of Innocence - We can no longer assume to know a person’s identity as identity is fluid and in flux - identity is not one thing and you cannot fit identity into a neat category. We can no longer rely on assumptions based on social factors.
What is the difference between a cultural element and cultural expression?
Cultural element - language, beliefs, traditions, ethnic origin, religion, social hierarchy, values, etc
Cultural expression - carry symbolic meaning or transmit cultural values - specific location and specific time
What is a limitation of the way multiculturalism is taken up in Canada?
It promotes and supports celebratory aspects of various cultures but it does not address the barriers and issues these communities face.
What is the difference between Epistemic relativism and Alethic relativism?
Epistemic relativism - There are no absolute facts regarding norms of belief, justification, or rationality, and that there are only relative ones.
Alethic relativism - there are no absolute truths. Truth is relative to the each frame of reference.
What is Labelling theory? What are 2 limitation of this theory?
Someone commits a deviant act, then they are labelled as deviant and they commit further deviant acts as a response to society's labelling them as a deviant. They internalize the label and it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Limitation: 1) Reinforces profiling and stereotypes and 2) ignores contextual factors that lead to deviant acts
Identify and explain 1 philosophy of food.
Myths about nutrition, food sharing, food sovereignty, experimentation for food health etc etc
Provide an example of Cultural Imperialism
The practice of promoting and imposing a culture (usually that of a politically powerful country) over a less powerful society. Creates a hierarchy between the cultures.
Identify and explain 1 religious expression
Easter Monday