5 themes of Geography
Describe place
A location that has defined characteristics that make it have a purpose or meaning.
State all the elements of a map
Equator, Prime meridian, Tropic of cancer, Four hemispheres, continents, oceans, bodies of water.
what are the elements of culture?
Language, Religion (beliefs / morals), Food and Shelter (Types / Styles), Education Systems, Security/Protection, Relationships – Family and Others, Political and Social Organizations, Creative Expression - Recreation
What is the difference between race and ethnicity?
Race – physical - biological and
physical differences; skin color,
cranial size and shape, and hair
type.
Ethnicity – social/mental -
values, institutions, and
patterns of behavior within a
group
Judaism
Who – Abraham, Moses
When – circa 3000 BC
Where – Israel
Holy Books - Torah, and
Talmud
Major Divisions –
Orthodox, Conservative,
Reform
Basic Beliefs
Monotheistic – one God,Jews are the chosen
people of God, must
follow his laws. Jerusalem/Israel are
holy lands.
Location, both relative and absolute
Relative- Describes where a place is in relative to other places or land marks, rather than using specific coordinates.
Absolute-Exact location that can be found using a coordinate system.
What does GPS and GIS stand for?
GPS- Global Position system; gather
GIS- Geographic Information system; analyze
What are the major types of religion?
Monotheistic – belief in one god
Polytheistic – belief in many gods
Animistic or Traditional – belief in the
forces of nature
Nontheistic – Supernatural, but no
deities
Atheistic – No deities, no supernatural
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of animals, plants, culture and human populations including slaves, communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres after 1492
Christianity
Who – Jesus of Nazareth
When – circa 30CE
Where – Israel
Holy Books – Old and New
Testaments
Major Divisions – Catholic,
Protestant, Orthodox
Basic Beliefs-Jesus Christ is the son of God,Death and resurrection Came to redeem mankind from
sin.
Describe movement, give an example/s
The way humans migrate, and transport good locally and globally. Examples: Planes, cars, trains, trolleys, horses, wagons, etc.
Describe Projections and distortions
projections- Robinson;minor distortions, Mercator;size and distance not accuarte, Winkel Tripel;Gppd overall.
Where do cultures start?
Cultural Hearth – where innovations, ideas, materials and technology
begin
Diffusion – spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior
islam
Who – Mohammed
When – circa 620CE
Where – Arabian Peninsula
Holy Books – Quran and the
Hadith
Major Divisions – Sunni, Shia
Basic Beliefs
There is no god but Allah,
and Muhammad is the
messenger of God Quran is word of God.
Muslims must perform the
“Five Pillars of Faith”.
Describe Human/Environment Interaction
Describes the complex relationship between people and their surroundings, encompassing, how humans depend on, adapt to and modify the environment. EX: bridge, dam, igloo.
Name the three types of maps
Physical, political, and historical.
Describe assimilation and acculturation
Assimilation – smaller society
adopts the culture of a majority
group
Acculturation – society accepts or
adopts an innovation
Hindusim
Who – Ancient priests of India
When – 5000 –3000 BCE
Where – India
Holy Books – Vedas, Bhagavad-Gita
Major Divisions – Numerous schools
and traditions
Basic Beliefs- Polytheistic, Reincarnation and Karma – cause
and effect
Ultimate goal – oneness with
“Brahman” (God, Reality)
Describe the three types of region
Functional- A region that is defined by having a connecting or origin place. ex: Major metroplexes (DFW), airports (LAX)
Perceptual- Defines by a persons own perspective or worldwide. "Southern" or "Western"
Formal- Defined by use of data or boundary lines. Continent, country, state, or city. Demographic data: race, ethnicity, age, and financial status.
what's the difference between small and large scales?
Small scales have less detail, and large scales have more detail.
How are cultural regions organized?
Society – a group that shares
a geographic region, a sense
of identity and a culture
Ethnic groups – a specific
group within a society that
shares a common language,
customs, and heritage
Animism
Retained tribal ethnic religion of people
around the world Today, adherents number at least 100
million
Animists believe certain inanimate
objects possess spirits or souls
Spirits live in rocks, rivers, mountain
peaks, and heavenly bodies
Each tribe has its own characteristic
form of animism
A Shaman — tribal religious figure
usually serves as the intermediary
between people and the spirits
Sub-Saharan Africa is the greatest
surviving stronghold of animism
Buddhism
Who – Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
When – 500 BC
Where – Northern India
Holy Books - Tripitaka
Major Divisions – Mahayana,
Theravada
Basic Beliefs-Life is suffering, caused by
wanting things, caused by
ignorance. Reincarnation and karma
“8-fold Path” allows escape to
Nirvana