Urbanization
What is the main reason people move from rural areas to cities?
Job opportunities.
What is the difference between immigrant and emigrant?
Immigrant = going into a country; emigrant = leaving.
What is birth rate?
Births per 1,000 people.
Name one greenhouse gas.
Carbon dioxide.
What are the 3 pillars of sustainability?
Environmental, Economic, Social.
What do we call the outward spread of cities into surrounding areas?
Urban sprawl.
What do we call migration caused by war, violence, or disasters?
Forced migration.
What does population density measure?
A: How many people live in a certain area.
What causes ocean pollution from plastics?
Trash and microplastics entering waterways.
: Give an example of a renewable energy source.
Solar or wind.
What is a city with 10 million people or more?
A megacity.
Q: Name one push factor and one pull factor.
A: Push: poverty. Pull: education.
What happens when a country’s population grows faster than its resources?
Overpopulation
What is deforestation?
Large-scale clearing of forests.
What is the purpose of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
To create a plan for a healthier, fairer, and sustainable world.
Name one positive and one negative effect of urbanization.
Positive: more jobs.
Negative: overcrowding.
Q: What is a refugee?
: A person who crosses borders to escape danger.
What is a “youth bulge”?
When a country has a very large young population.
Name two effects of climate change.
Rising sea levels, extreme weather.
What does “responsible consumption” mean?
A: Using resources without wasting them.
What is gentrification and why is it controversial?
Wealthy people move into lower-income neighborhoods, raising costs and displacing long-term residents.
What is “brain drain,” and how does it affect countries?
Skilled workers leave a country → loss of talent and workers.
What does carrying capacity mean?
The maximum population the environment can support long-term.
Why does biodiversity matter for human survival?
Ecosystems provide food, oxygen, and medicine.
How can cities become more sustainable?
Public transit, green buildings, renewable energy, recycling systems.