Scientific Revolution
He formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation
Isaac Newton
This French philosopher believed in religious tolerance and free speech.
Voltaire
The Stuart king who believed in the Divine Right of Kings, leading to conflict with Parliament.
Charles I
The massive shift of people from farms to cities, fueled by new factory jobs.
Industrialization
Who invented the assembly line
Henry Ford
This Italian astronomer and physicist used a telescope to support heliocentrism and faced the Inquisition for his views.
Galileo Galilei
This English thinker argued for natural rights: life, liberty, and property, and believed government should protect these rights or risk being overthrown.
John Locke
The document Parliament presented to Charles I in 1628, demanding rights like no taxation without consent.
Petition of right.
The internal combustion engine.
this US president was a licensed bartender and an elite wrestler with only one recorded loss out of about 300 matches.
Abraham Lincoln
The model of the solar system that places the sun in the center instead of earth.
Heliocentrism
Believed society is a "contract" where people give up some freedom for peace.
The nickname for supporters of the King, known for their elaborate dress and loyalty.
Cavaliers
Crowded, unsanitary housing where many poor city dwellers lived.
Tenements or slums.
This european capital made ding dong ditching and flying kites a crime in 1839.
London
1543-1687
The scientific revolution
This Enlightenment figure argued for the separation of government powers (legislative, executive, judicial) to prevent tyranny.
Montesquieu
The largest battle of the war, a major turning point for Parliament.
Battle of Marston Moor
This European capital was one of the first to experience explosive growth during the Industrial Revolution.
London
This "Mad King" of Britain had elaborate rituals, spoke to trees, and believed he was made of glass, causing widespread concern in the late 1700s.
German mathematician and astronomer who discovered planets move in elliptical orbits, not perfect circles.
Johannes Kepler
An English writer who advocated for women's rights, arguing they should have the same education as men to be good companions and citizens.
Mary Wollstonecraft
The name for the Parliament that Cromwell dissolved after the war, which tried and executed the King.
Rump Parliament
A notorious example of a corrupt political organization that controlled city politics in the U.S.
Tammany hall
This famous French Emperor had a phobia of cats
Napolean Bonaparte