Wars & Revolutions
The 1789 uprising that overthrew the Bourbon monarchy and introduced the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
French Revolution
Queen of Egypt famous for her alliances with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.
Cleopatra VII
City-state civilization that gave us democracy, philosophy, and the Parthenon.
Ancient Athens (Greece)
Columbus reached mainland North America on his first 1492 voyage.
Fake. (He landed in the Caribbean; first sighting of the Americas was in the Bahamas/Hispaniola in 1492).
This customary legal code, traditionally associated with Tauke Khan in the late 17th–early 18th centuries, helped regulate social relations among the Kazakh zhuzes and is considered a foundation of Kazakh steppe law.
Zheti Zhargy
This 1914–1918 global war was triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
World War I
Leader of the Bolsheviks and first head of the Soviet state after October 1917.
Vladimir Lenin
River valley civilization in South Asia known for planned cities Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.
the Indus Valley Civilization
In 1983, not a single birth was registered in the Vatican.
True
Founded in the 15th century, this state is considered the beginning of Kazakh national statehood.
the Kazakh Khanate
A set of 20th-century revolutions that toppled imperial government and brought the Bolsheviks to power.
the Russian Revolution (1917)
This ruler declared himself “First Sovereign Emperor” after unifying China in 221 BCE.
Qin Shi Huang
This empire built a road network and administrative system connecting the Andes, with Cusco as its capital.
the Inca Empire
Napoleon Bonaparte was extremely short 5'2
Fake (he was around 5'6"–5'7")
These two leaders founded the Kazakh Khanate after breaking away from the Uzbek Khanate in the 1460s.
Kerei and Janibek
In 1936–1939 this conflict was a laboratory for tactics later used in World War II and pitted Republicans vs Nationalists led by Francisco Franco.
the Spanish Civil War
Imprisoned for decades for fighting apartheid, he became South Africa’s first Black president in 1994
Nelson Mandela
This Bronze Age city-state, destroyed around 1200 BCE, is central to debates about whether the Trojan War had a historical basis.
Troy (Hisarlik)
Most people accused during European witch hunts were executed in the Middle Ages
FAKE ( The peak of witch trials occurred after the Middle Ages, mainly in the 16th–17th centuries (Early Modern period).
This tragic event of 1931–1933, caused largely by forced collectivization, led to the death of about 1.5 million people in Kazakhstan.
the Kazakh famine (Asharshylyk)
This 1916 agreement, secretly negotiated between Britain and France during World War I, divided much of the Ottoman Empire into spheres of influence and helped shape long-term conflict in the Middle East.
Sykes–Picot Agreement
This ruler’s conversion to Christianity in 312 CE was motivated as much by political strategy as by faith and fundamentally reshaped the future relationship between religion and state in Europe.
Constantine the Great
This undeciphered writing system, found mainly on seals and pottery, belongs to the Indus Valley Civilization and remains one of the greatest unsolved problems in ancient history.
Indus script
The famous Library of Alexandria was destroyed in a single catastrophic fire.
FAKE (It declined over centuries due to multiple events, neglect, and political changes not one fire.)
This little-known 18th-century diplomatic move involved Abulkhair Khan seeking protection from the Russian Empire in 1731, a decision that later played a key role in the gradual loss of political independence of the Kazakh Junior Zhuz.
Abulkhair Khan’s oath of allegiance to the Russian Empire (1731)