People I
Muslim leader during the Crusades
Saladin
Financially supported Columbus' voyage in 1492
Ferdinand and Isabella
1215
King John signs the Magna Carta
The "great charter" of England which King John's nobles forced him to sign
Magna Carta
The French gained the upper hand in the 100 Years' War due to a new weapon called the ___________, which could shoot three arrows in the time it took an archer to fire the crossbow.
Longbow
Signed the Magna Carta in 1215
King John
Crossed the English Channel, fought Harold in the Battle of Hastings, and became king of England
William, Duke of Normandy (later to be called William the Conqueror)
1096
The First Crusade
Began in Mongolia, spread by fleas on rats, killed 1/3 of the people.
The Black Death
A church court set up to try people of heresy during the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain.
the Spanish Inquisition
17-year-old peasant girl who led the French army to victory against the English in the 100 Years' War
Joan of Arc
The son of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Henry II; brother to King John. He fought in the Crusades against Saladin.
King Richard the Lion-Heart
1066
The Battle of Hastings where William Duke of Normandy defeats Harold and wins the throne of England
A war fought between England and France
England's legislature is known as ___________
Parliament
Called for a Crusade to free the Holy Land
Pope Urban II
An English professor who translated the Bible into English
John Wycliffe
1) 1337 - 1453
and
2) 1347
1) 1337-1453: The 100 Years' War (England vs. France)
2) 1347: The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)
The belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from God
Divine Right of Kings
No person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
habeas corpus
A famous Scholastic who concluded that Faith and Reason can exist in harmony
Thomas Aquinas
A Bohemia believer who was burned at the stake for heresy. He said, "Go ahead and cook this goose. But in a hundred years there will come an eagle that you cannot touch."
Jan Hus
1) 1054
and
2) 1453
1) 1054: The Great Schism--the church was divided into West (Roman Catholic) and East (Eastern Orthodox)
2) 1453: Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople
This empire lasted from 962 to 1806 and comprised present-day Germany and neighboring lands. Otto I, Duke of Saxony, was its first ruler.
Holy Roman Empire
The Eastern half of the Roman Empire became known as the _________ Empire
Byzantine