Stone Ages
Who are paleolithic people
Mesopotamia is located mostly in this modern day country
What is Iraq
Ancient Israelite's unique belief
embodied the idea that a ruler had a responsibility to ensure justice and order
what is the Code of Hammurabi
protected by desert from invasion but limited areas for people to settle
What is Egypt
What is animism
Area that stretches in an arc from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea
What is the Fertile Crescent
Considered "Father of Israelites"
Special agreement with God
Improved irrigation systems
organized a well trained army
ordered the repair of many temples
What are Hammurabi's other achievements
preserved the bodies of their dead for use in the afterlife- learned more about medicine from this practice
what is mummification
change in human societies from hunting and gathering to a more settled way of life based on agriculture and domestication of animals
what is the neolithic revolution
belief in many gods
what is polytheism
tells stories of twelve separate tribes of Israel
Book of Laws- Criminal laws and every day laws
What is the Torah
learned to extract iron from ore to make stronger and sharper tools and weapons
Who are the Hittites
judge of souls seeking admission to the afterlife- test of morality and ethics
Who is Osiris
Civilizations arose in four river valleys
What is the
1. Tigris and Euphrates- Sumer
2. Nile River- Egypt
3. Indus River- Indus Valley Civ.
4. Yellow River- Shang
rulers were priest-kings, chief servants of the gods- this society was considered a monarchy and theocracy
2 other major religions of the time along with Judaism
Christianity and Islam
created a common set of weights and measures to improve trade
Who are the Persians
power struggles, crop failures, and cost of building pyramids
What are the contributions to the collapse of Old Kingdom of Egypt
7 features that define civilizations
1. well-organized governments
2. complex religions
3. job specialization
4. social classes
5. arts and architecture
6. public works
7. writing
distinct social hierarchy
ruling family
leading officials
high priests
merchants, scribes, artisans
peasant farmers
slaves
spread of Judaism outside of Israel
What is diaspora
"Carriers of Civilizations" because of sailing and trading
Who are the Phoenicians
headed bureaucracy and looked after matters such as taxes, farming, and irrigation systems
What are viziers?