Byzantine
Where was the Byzantine Empire located?
Eastern half of the Roman Empire
Why did Western Europe enter a feudal period?
Western half of the Roman Empire collapsed, and local control was needed
How did Islam spread
Merchants spread along trade routes and Military conquest
What were the three medieval West African Kingdoms
Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
What was the Renaissance?
Period from 1300-1600 that saw the decline in the authority of the church and an emphasis on humanism, classicism, and secularism.
What were Emperor Justinian’s accomplishments?
Built the Hagia Sophia
What was the most powerful institution in Europe in the Middle Ages
Christian (Roman Catholic) Church
What was the Umayyad dynasty?
Sunni Muslims took power in 661, built empire, and moved capital to Damascus
How did the West Africans kingdoms grow wealthy?
Controlling the gold and salt trade
What made the Age of Exploration possible?
Desire for new trade routes to Asia
Which religion spread throughout the Roman and Byzantine Empires?
Christianity
What is the difference between feudalism and manorialism
Feudalism is a social/political structure (Kings then lords (vassal) then Knights (vassals) then serfs/peasants)
Manorialism is an economic structure (serfs farm lord’s land/fief in exchange for protection)
What are The Five Pillars of Islam?
faith, prayer, charity, fasting, pilgrimage
Where did those kingdoms emerge?
Same Location
How was England’s monarchy different from its neighbors on Continental Europe?
1215: King John signs Magna Carta to limit power of future kings and queens
What was the religion of the Byzantine Empire?
Eastern Orthodox Christianity
What were the Crusades
European Christians to take back the Holy Land, Jerusalem, from the Muslims
What was the Abbasid dynasty?
Golden Age of Islam
What was Timbuktu?
Large city in West Africa with flourishing trade and a center of Islamic instruction.
What is Divine Right?
Leader’s power came from God
What regions did Eastern Orthodox spread to?
Russia and other parts of Eastern Europe
What was the Black Death
Bubonic Plague
Who were The Mongols?
Nomads, Genghis Kahn, Helped Silk Road
Who was Mansa Musa?
Mali’s Emperor-converted to Islam, made a hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca, spread wealth and established diplomatic connections on his journey.
What was the Reformation?
Martin Luther originally set out to reform the Catholic Church by challenging abuses like indulgences
Wrote 95 Thesis, and nailed them to the town church in Wittenberg, Germany
Led to another split in the Church creating a third branch of Christianity called Protestants