World Civilizations
What is Hammurabi's Code, and why is it important?
A set of laws; one of the first written legal codes.
Define Nationalism
Pride in one’s country or ethnic group.
What were the motivations behind European exploration?
Gold, glory, and God
Name two important Enlightenment Philosophers
John Locke, Voltaire
When was the attack on Pearl Harbor?
December 7,1941
Who was Leonardo da Vinci, and why is he remembered?
Renaissance man: inventor, artist (Mona Lisa, Last Supper).
Define Enlightenment
A period where thinkers emphasized reason, liberty, and equality.
How did colonization affect Africa?
Forced migration, economic exploitation
What freedoms did Voltaire advocate for?
Freedom of Speech, Religion and thought
What is apartheid?
Racial segregation system in South Africa
Who was Mansa Musa and why is he significant?
Wealthiest man in history; spread Islam and learning.
Define Imperialism
Extending a nation’s power through military or political control.
What was the significance of Jamestown (1607)
First permanent English settlement in North America
What are salons?
Gatherings to discuss ideas and spread knowledge
What was the Holocaust?
Genocide of six million Jews and other groups
How did the Mali Empire gain its wealth?
Gold and salt trade.
Define Cuneiform
The first system of writing, developed by the Sumerians.
What is mercantilism?
Economic system where colonies provided wealth to the mother country
What is Social Contract?
Agreement between people and government
What were the four MAIN causes of World War I?
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
Who was Mansa Musa and why is he significant?
Wealthiest man in history, spread Islam and learning
Define Feudalism
A system where land is exchanged for loyalty and service.
What role did the encomienda system play in colonization?
Spanish system forcing native labor.
What are natural rights?
Rights all humans are born with life, liberty, property
Name three allied powers during WWII.
United States, Britain, Soviet Union, France
What were the key achievements of Ancient Mesopotamia?
Writing (cuneiform), the wheel, plow.
Define Civilization
A complex society with cities, a government, writing, and social classes.
Describe the Middle Passage.
Brutal sea journey of enslaved Africans to the Americas.
What did John Locke believe about government?
Government’s job is to protect natural rights.
What organization was created after WWII to maintain peace?
United Nations (UN).
What impact did Confucianism have on Chinese society?
Respect for elders, importance of education.
Define Crusades
Religious wars between Christians and Muslims over the Holy Land.
How did colonization lead to cultural blending?
Created new cultures (mestizos, mixed languages).
What political idea did Montesquieu develop?
Separation of powers into three branches.
Who was Nelson Mandela?
Anti-apartheid leader, first Black president of South Africa.