Section 1
The walls of the palace at Knossos were covered with colorful _______, paintings in watercolor done on wet plaster.
Frescoes
In a Greek city-state, what is the polis, and what is the arcopolis?
Polis - City-State in entirety
Acropolis - placed on hilltop with a great temple that housed elite and temples of gods and goddesses
The Greek thinkers that were the "lovers of wisdom" and valued observation and logic to think were _____________?
Philosophers
Who was the King of Greece during their expansion period and who was his son?
Philip II and Alexander
The invention of _________, or a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers, helped change the way of war in Greece.
Phalanx
What took place in the year 1250 BC, and was a conflict between Troy and Mycenae?
Trojan War
List the 3 forms of government found in ancient Greece and explain them.
Monarchy - Hereditary ruler with central power
Aristocracy - Hereditary landholding upper class
Oligarchy - Small wealthy elite exercises power
A _________ is a group of people who have the authority to make a decision on a legal case. We also utilize this in our society today.
Jury
How did Alexander the Great come to power in Greece?
Philip II was assassinated at daughter's wedding
Formal agreement between two states to come to each other's defense when needed.
Alliance
What were Homer's two poems called? What was their legacy?
Iliad and Odyssey
Admired by Western civilization, reflected Greek view of the world - gods had flaws, key figures had different characteristics
List two of things that unified the peoples of Greece.
Myths and Beliefs
Legacy of Greek Myths
The Olympic Games
Greek View of Foreigners
Who is known as the "father of history" and was the first person to write down actual events even though they contained his own opinion?
Herodotus
After Alexander the Great died, what happened to the Greek empire?
Split into 3 smaller empires, constant fighting over previously unified lands
Lawmaking body that debated laws before deciding to approve or reject them. Use the same name in our society today.
Legislature
Describe the economy of the Minoan people and how their location helps them.
Economy based on trade
Lived between 3 continents - crossroads of the world
What happened in the Peloponnesian War and what were some outcomes?
Sparta creates Peloponnesian League, Sparta and Athens go to war for 27 years, Sparta wins and keeps Athens alive, Athens suffers a Dark Age.
Describe how Greek literature changed from tragedies to comedies.
Tragedies - told stories of human suffering and ended in disasters. Purpose was to stir up and relieve emotions of fear.
Comedies - Humorous plays that told stories of present, More relief from laughing than seeing other peoples pain
How did Alexander's legacy lead to an assimilation of the people of Persia?
Alexander married a Persian, soldiers followed and also married Persians, traded customs with local peoples, traded dress styles - introduced the Hellenistic Era
How are the rights and responsibilities of Greek citizens compared to the rights of people of the United States?
Similarities - Democracy-use the right to vote, Take part in a jury, educate the young, citizen of the place you live.
Differences - military training, noncitizens outnumber citizens, small voting class, women had little rights
What were some accomplishments of the Minoans and the Mycenaeans?
Minoans - Influenced Greeks living on European mainland, Colorful frescos, women got more rights.
Mycenaeans - Written records, gold ornaments found in tombs, conquered Greek mainland
How did the Delian League change the dynamic of Greek culture?
Athens gained more power, continued unification of Greek city-states, moved treasury to Athens and rebuilt city with money, allowed for a golden age of Athenian power
List the 3 main Greek philosophers we discussed in class and the legacy of 1 of those 3 philosophers.
Socrates - Creates socratic method (asking questions and making people defend their answers)
Plato - Rejected democracy, emphasized reason, believed in a 3 class system
Aristotle - influenced European universities, believed people should purse a "Golden mean"
The Greeks left a major influence on the Western world through government, culture, arts, and STEM. Which is the most important and why?
Choose 1 influence and list why it's most important. Use chart on page 152.
Compare and contrast the lives of Spartans and Athenians. Use information about women, daily life, government, and philosophy to answer your question.
Sparta - Women-Meant to make children for army, Daily Life-Training for military/taking care of crops or households, Government-two kings and council of elder, Philosophy-they are better than everyone else/warrior society.
Athens - Women-No political power/viewed as smaller than men, Daily Life-working class, Government-Democracy with a small voting class, Philosophy-wealthy class dominated working class/studied arts more than war.