Empires
These empires gained power by using firearms like muskets and cannons to conquer and control territory.
What are the Gunpowder Empires?
This period in Europe emphasized humanism, classical learning, and major advances in art, science, and literature.
What was the Renaissance?
This intellectual movement emphasized reason, logic, and science over tradition and blind faith
What was the Enlightenment?
This revolution began in 1789 after years of inequality, heavy taxation on the Third Estate, and Enlightenment ideas.
What was the French Revolution
a primary source that describes a meat factory during the Industrial Revolution
What is the Jungle?
This Chinese belief said a dynasty ruled with divine approval, but could lose power if it became corrupt or failed its people.
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
This Italian scientist supported the heliocentric theory and was tried by the Catholic Church for his ideas.
Who was Galileo Galilei?
Enlightenment thinkers believed governments should protect natural rights like life, liberty, and property.
What are natural rights?
This was the only successful slave revolt in history and led to the creation of the first independent Black republic.
What was the Haitian Revolution
This economic change shifted production from handmade goods to machine-made goods in factories.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
These exams helped Chinese emperors choose government officials based on merit rather than family status.
What are the civil service exams?
Nail up 95 theses to a church door in Germany
Who is Martin Luther
This idea calls for dividing government power into different branches to prevent tyranny
What is separation of powers?
This 1910 revolution aimed to overthrow dictatorship and address land inequality and workers’ rights.
What was the Mexican Revolution
Long hours, low pay, and unsafe environments described conditions in these workplaces.
What are factories?
This Ottoman military force was made up of enslaved Christian boys trained to serve the state and the sultan.
Who were the Janissaries?
This period in Europe emphasized humanism, classical learning, and major advances in art, science, and literature.
What was the Renaissance?
Enlightenment ideas helped inspire revolutions by encouraging people to question authority and demand rights.
What is challenging absolute monarchy?
All three revolutions were inspired by Enlightenment ideas and involved people rising up against inequality and unfair rule
What is challenging unjust authority?
This group was often hired because they could be paid less and fit into small spaces.
Who were women and children?
Both the Ming Dynasty and the Gunpowder Empires used this strategy to maintain control over their populations.
What is strong centralized government
Early Modern movement that challenged traditional Authority
What is Renaissance and the Reformation
Enlightenment ideas helped replace absolute monarchies with governments based on constitutions, rights, and the consent of the governed
What is the foundation of modern democracy
Enlightenment ideas influenced all three revolutions by promoting equality, rights, and popular sovereignty
What is Enlightenment influence?
(also accept: challenging absolute rule, natural rights
Overcrowding, pollution, and poor sanitation were common problems in these rapidly growing areas.
What are industrial cities?