Absolute Monarchs
What is an absolute monarch?
A ruler with complete authority over the government and lives of the people he or she governs
What were the two sides of the English Civil War?
Roundheads (opposed Charles) and the cavaliers (supported Charles)
Where did the enlightenment first take place?
Paris
Which estate paid the most taxes?
Who led the Haitian Revolution?
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Define Nationalism
Pride or devotion to one's country
Who is Lewis Hine?
A photographer who documented child labor
Name one leader who followed communism
Mao Zedong, Xi Jinping, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin
How did Western imperialist nations try to modernize the lands they conquered?
They imposed Western culture on subject people.
In 1853, U.S. Commodore Matthew Perry led a fleet of ships into lower Tokyo Bay to do what?
Force Japan to open its ports to the US
During World War I, which European countries made up the Central Powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Describe the Russian Revolution in March 1917.
Overthrew the tzar
Which group of people did Hitler mainly target?
Jewish people
Describe nonviolence
Repeated police beatings without retaliation. Stand up to opponent and not give in, but you won’t hurt them
What is divine right?
The belief that a ruler’s authority comes directly from God
What change did Oliver Cromwell make to the government?
Abolished the monarchy
Name two rights that Enlightenment thinkers advocated for.
Natural rights, liberty, freedom of speech, etc…
Napoleon accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
a uniform set of laws.
stabilizing the economy.
expanding freedom of speech.
public education for all.
3 expanding freedom of speech
What did Miguel Hidalgo's Grito de Dolores call for?
To fight for Mexican Independence
Name one aspect/background that could bond a group of people towards nationalism.
Religion, language, history, ethnicity, political beliefs
What were the conditions of child labor?
Worked 14 to 16 hour days and were often times beaten for the smallest infraction.
What is a feature of capitalism?
Capitalism requires individualism and competition
How would Social Darwinists think about imperialism?
Westerners thought they had a duty to bring their civilization to inferior races. Argued that European races were superior to all other races. They argued that imperial domination of weaker races was simply nature’s way of improving the human species.
When the young emperor became the political leader of Japan, he took the title of what?
Meiji
Which event or events led to World War I:
I. Formation of the League of Nations
II. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
III. A system of competing alliances
IV. The desire for nationalism in European countries.
II, III, and IV
Describe the Bolshevik Revolution in November 1917.
Overthrew the provisional government set up after the March revolution.
Who made up the Allied Powers (leaders)
Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin
What are two challenges that you can face in nonviolent resistance?
You may be physically attacked and cannot attack back
You may be perceived as “weak”
It takes time
List three absolute monarchs
Phillip II, Henry IV, Louis XIV, Peter the Great, Suleiman the Magnificent
What was the result of the Glorious Revolution?
William and Mary established the English Bill of Rights
Which group of people did Mary Wollstonecraft advocate for?
Women
When did the members of the Tennis Court Oath say they would meet until?
They had a just constitution
Who were the peninsulares?
Top social class who were born in Spain
Which of the following was a goal of nationalists in the early 1800s?
To establish a homeland for people with a common heritage
List one cause of the Industrial Revolution
The Agricultural Revolution, mineral resources to power the new technology, ready (easy) markets to send goods to.
Socialists sought to end the poverty and injustice of industrial capitalism by doing what?
Giving ownership of the means of production to the people.
What were the two countries to maintain independence in Africa?
Ethiopia and Liberia
In 1905, which country did Japan defeat in war?
Russia
Describe the Schlieffen Plan.
Required German armies to march through neutral Belgium then swing south behind French lines. Goal to encircle and crush France’s army and wanted to avoid fighting a war on two fronts.
Lenin believed that the Bolshevik Party should be made up of who?
An elite group of dedicated Marxist revolutionaries able to lead the masses.
Describe Pearl Harbor.
An attack by Japan on a naval base called Pearl harbor that led the US to join the war.
What was Peter the Great's main goal in leading Russia?
Modernize / westernize it
After the 1600s, England became what kind of government?
Constitutional monarchy
Which group of people most widely accept the Enlightenment ideas?
The bourgeoisie
Which group organized the Reign of Terror?
Committee of Public Safety
What traditional form of art regained popularity after the 1910 Mexican Revolution?
Mural painting
Name two changes that happened in Britain due to industrialization
The creation of social distinctions between the middle and working classes, the increased production of goods in all industries, better means of transportation, the reinvestment of profits from manufacturing into other sectors of society.
How did the reality of Communism differ from the Marx and Engel’s view of Communism?
Theory → Workers would violently overthrow capitalist, then run everything themselves. Eventually no gov’t or countries. Meant to gain wealth
Reality → Economy run by the elite few – communist party leadership as dictators, wealth / control not shared, workers still poor, rulers wealthy
How did new colonial borders cause issues in Africa?
The borders forced together people of different ethnic groups.
What was the Zimmerman telegram?
In the Zimmermann note, the Germans offered to give Mexico U.S. territory if it attacked the United States. Led the US to join the war.
Why did people support fascist / totalitarian leaders?
It promised a strong, confident government and instilled national pride in Italians.