Enlightenment:
Age of Discovery (Explorers):
Italian Renaissance:
European Nationalism:
Scientists:
100
This early empiricist pioneered the scientific method.
Who is Sir Francis Bacon?
100
He was a Portuguese Prince who established a school to train other explorers; he explored the west coast of Africa.
Who is Henry the Navigator?
100
Florentine royal family who made their fortune via the banking industry. They are known today as patrons of a multitude of reputable Renaissance-era artists.
Who are the Medici family?
100
This 19th century French general claimed the title of First Consul after the French Revolution via coup d’état. He is renowned for being an ambitious leader who expanded French Influence.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
100
This Polish astronomer & scientist lived during the 15th and 16th centuries and discovered that the solar system is heliocentric. He contributed to the Scientific Revolution.
Who is Nicolas Copernicus?
200
This British politician & religious reformer helped abolish slavery across the British empire in 1807.
Who is William Wilburforce?
200
He reached the southern tip of South America, which he named after himself; his crew was the first group of human beings to circumnavigate the globe.
Who is Ferdinand Magellan?
200
This Renaissance-era artist lived during the 15th and 16th century and painted Primavera, which symbolizes the rebirth that was occurring during the Renaissance period.
Who is Botticelli?
200
This man lived during the 19th and 20th centuries and was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. He and his wife were assassinated on a “good will tour” to Sarajevo (in the Balkans) by a Serbian Nationalist.
Who is Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
200
This Italian astronomer & scientist was influenced by the Renaissance and lived in the 16th & 17th centuries. He observed the moons of Jupiter and supported Copernicus’ assertion that the solar system was heliocentric. He was put on trial by the church for challenging the paradigm.
Who is Galileo Galilei?
300
This philosphe was an early feminist—she imaged a society were people are judged solely upon reason; not ethnicity or gender. She argued that women should be treated as rational beings.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
300
He sailed west hoping to find a new trade route to India; he accidently discovered the Americas and claimed it for the Spanish Empire.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
300
This 15th and 16th century political philosopher was a realist and wrote a book called The Prince.
Who is Machiavelli?
300
This man was the first Chancellor of a newly united Germany and lived in the 19th century. He is known as being an industrious and militaristic leader who went by the nickname “The Iron Chancellor.”
Who is Otto von Bismarck?
300
This 14th & 15th century individual was a product of the Northern Renaissance. Although he was NOT an artist, he was a pioneer of the printing press & used moveable type to create some of the first books. He helped start the printing revolution
Who is Johannes Gutenberg?
400
This ideaslist & philosophe argued that people are reasonable and moral. This person stated that government exists to protect natural rights like life, liberty, and property—if the government fails to protect these natural rights then the people have a right to revolt.
Who is John Locke?
400
He reached the southern tip of Africa; named it the Cape of Good Hope; established new trade route to India (1st group of Europeans to sail around the southern tip of Africa; did NOT make it to Asia).
Who is Bartholomew Dias?
400
This Italian artist was a key figure during the Italian Renaissance and lived during the 15th and 16th century. He is known for painting the Mona Lisa and the fresco entitled The Last Supper.
What is Leonardo da Vinci?
400
This individual lived in the 19th century and was the first king of the newly united nation of Italy.
Who is Victor Emmanuel II?
400
This British scientist lived during the 17th and 18th century and was a product of the Scientific Revolution. He is famous for his discovery of gravity, among other things.
Who is Sir Isaac Newton?
500
This realist & philosophe argued that people are greedy & cruel. In our “state of nature,” he says, “life would be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” This person helped engineer the social contract theory which says people give up their state of nature in exchange for a government who regulates society.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
500
He sailed around the Cape of Good Hope; reached Calicut—on the west coast of India (1st European crew to reach Asia by sea).
Who is Vasco da Gama?
500
This Renaissance-era artist lived in the 15th and 16th century and was primarily known as a sculptor. He is responsible for sculpting The David and for painting the frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican.
Who is Michelangelo?
500
This 19th century Italian nationalist started a militant group in southern Italy called the Redshirts. His goal was to create a united nation by using force.
Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?
500
This was the name of the philosophy that Sir Francis Bacon used, meaning "to learn by experience." The scientific method falls under this category.
What is Empiricism?
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