Enlightenment
Term for the liberties given to all human beings simply through birth
Natural Rights
For Karl Marx, human history is a struggle between classes over this
Economics
While living in Paris, Simon Bolivar studied the philosophers of this earlier intellectual movement, thinkers that also influenced the American and French Revolutions
Enlightenment
This event was ignited when Indian soldiers felt their religious beliefs were being disrespected
Mutiny of 1857
Failed effort to drive foreigners out of China in 1900
Boxer Rebellion
In his book Two Treatises on Government, this English Philosopher made the case for a limited government that works only to protect natural rights and advance the public good.
John Locke
For Karl Marx, this class was growing larger, and would lead a violent revolution when it achieved “class consciousness.”
proleteriat
This late 19th century dictator in Mexico encouraged foreign investment, which tended to benefit foreigner and the rich, and not the poor
Porfirio Diaz
This company ruled over large parts of India before the 1857 rebellion
East India Company
This British diplomat tried but failed to expand foreign trade in China in the 1790s
Lord Macartney
In his book Leviathan, he argued that rulers must have unlimited power over their subjects to preserve peace and order
Thomas Hobbes
According to Samuel Smiles, the key actors in the capitalist system are not governments, or families, or associations, but these people, who bear ultimate responsibility for success and failure
Individuals
When Toussaint Louverture failed to abolish this hated institution, his popularity fell quickly
Plantation System
After the British government took over in 1858, this official was in charge of all of India
Viceroy
In the 1850s and 60s, this Chinese peasant led a violent, wide-spread revolution, that failed to overthrow the Qing Dynasty
Hong Xiuquan
In his book The Spirit of the Laws, this French philosopher believed that divided government power could best prevent tyranny
Montesquieu
The idea that prices are naturally set through the value of labor to produce, the natural scarcity, and the natural demand for the good
Free Market Mechanism
A term for the system in which haciendas kept peasants trapped on the hacienda
Debt peonage
Before the British took over, India was famous for this industry, after the British take over, this industry was destroyed by low cost imports from Britain
Cotton Cloth Making
The Qing Dynasty was founded by an army from this part of China, which is why the dynasty is also called the Manchus
Manchuria
He believed that through the struggle over ideas human history was moving toward complete knowledge and freedom
Georg Hegel
During the 19th century, this was the major change in the number of people who could participate in government in Britain and France
More men could vote
European investment in these kinds of projects made the Great Export Boom possible
Transportation
The 19th-century reforms introduced by the British presumed this about British law and education, compared with that of India
British supremacy
Before the treaty of Nanking, this port in Southern China was the only place where European merchants could trade.
Canton