People
An Arab religious, military, and political leader, and the founder of Islam.
Muhammad
The holy book of Islam
Koran
A series of military campaigns launched by the papacy between 1095 and 1291 against Muslim rulers for the recovery and defence of the Holy Land.
The Crusades
The Roman Catholic Pope steps in to split land between Portugal and Spain
Treaty of Tordesillas
Radical reformers, were pacifists, persecuted by Catholics and Protestants
Anabaptists
Considered the "Father of Europe". Was crowned Holy Roman Emperor
Charlemagne
Holy Islamic city in Saudi Arabia. Location of the Kabba.
Mecca
A 16th-century religious and political upheaval in Europe which split Western Christianity.
Protestant Reformation
This made some reforms, but mainly re-affirmed the doctrine of the Catholic Church.
Council of Trent
Mission of the order is to spread Catholicism, defend the faith, and educate people
Jesuits
His largest achievement was the codification of Roman Law, Corpus Luris Civilus
Justinian
The place which Louis XIV built to demonstrate his power and prestige.
Palace of Versailles
Initiated the split from the Catholic Church/Rome. Named himself head of the Church of England.
Henry VIII
Established the supremacy of Parliament over the monarchy, laid out fundamental civil liberties, and strictly limited the powers of the Crown in England.
English Bill of Rights
Architecture style characterized by pointed arch, ribbed vault, and flying buttress.
Gothic Architecture
Believe that by faith alone could you be saved. Anything not in scripture is not part of the Christian faith
Martin Luther
This place was founded by the Vikings and was later Russia
Kievan Rus
The final split between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church since 1054.
The Great Schism
In the Holy Roman Empire, German states each prince can choose their religion including Calvinism.
Treaty/Peace of Westphalia
The philosophy that emphasizes the importance of active citizen participation in public life, governance, and the pursuit of the common good
Civic humanism
His goal was to modernize and westernize his country, which had been geographically and culturally isolated.
Peter the Great of Russia
Taken peacefully in 637 AD by Umar. Under Islamic control, showing Islamic power
Jerusalem
When the Ottoman Turks overtook the Byzantine Empire in 1453.
Fall of Constantinople
Ended the religious struggle between Catholics and Lutherans within the Holy Roman Empire
Peace of Augsburg
The first great ruling family of the Franks
Merovingians