Paleolithic to Neolithic
What type of evidence do archaeologists use to study early humans?
Fossils and artifacts
Which river was central to the development of Egyptian civilization?
Nile River
Which two rivers supported early Indian civilization?
Indus and Ganges Rivers
What was the name of the Persian road system used for communication?
Royal Road
What is a civilization?
A complex society with cities, government, and culture
Which continent is considered the origin of the first humans?
Africa
What writing system did Mesopotamians develop?
Cuneiform
What are Varna and Jati in Indian society?
Social class and sub-caste systems
Which Greek city-state was known for democracy?
: Athens
What is a hunter-gatherer?
A person who survives by hunting animals and gathering plants
What major development marked the transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic Era?
: Agricultural Revolution
What religion did the Israelites practice?
Judaism
Who founded Buddhism?
Siddhartha Gautama
Who led the conquest that spread Hellenistic culture?
Alexander the Great
What is a city-state?
An independent city with its own government
What allowed hunter-gatherers to migrate and settle in new areas?
Geography and climate change
What was a major contribution of the Phoenicians?
Alphabet
What philosophy emphasized respect for elders and social harmony in China?
Confucianism
What war weakened Greek city-states after their victory over Persia?
Peloponnesian War
What is monotheism?
Belief in one god
How do archaeological discoveries affect our understanding of early societies?
They provide new insights and challenge previous theories
What legal code was created by a Babylonian king?
Code of Hammurabi
What concept justified the rule of Chinese emperors?
Mandate of Heaven
Name one Greek contribution still influential today
Philosophy, mathematics, or architecture
What is Hellenistic culture?
A blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures