Renaissance Origins
This major event led to the deaths of 1/3 of the population of Europe and opened the door for the start of the Renaissance
The Black Death
Renaissance artists used this technique to give their paintings a realistic sense of depth
Linear perspective
He painted the Mona Lisa
Leonardo da Vinci
Johannes Gutenberg invented this in Germany in the 1430s
The Printing Press
This German monk and theology professor started the Reformation
Martin Luther
Protestants concluded that this, not the Church or its tradition, was the only authority for Christians
The Bible
This event marked the beginning of the Counter-Reformation
Council of Trent
The Renaissance began in this Italian city-state
Florence
These wealthy people sponsor artists and allow art to become their full time job
Patrons
He painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
This author wrote a handbook on how to get and keep power called "The Prince"
Machiavelli
These were supposed to grant freedom from punishment for confessed sins as a reward for good works
Indulgences
Founded when Henry VIII broke with the Pope because was not granted an annulment for his marriage
Anglicanism/Church of England
Colleges that train clergy
Seminaries
This philosophy focused on the beauty and accomplishments of the individual, not the collective group
Humanism
This was one of the most famous and wealthy patrons in Florence, Italy
The Medici Family
He is considered the original "Renaissance Man"
Leonardo Da Vinci
He wrote the Divine Comedy. A lot of our imagery of Hell comes from him.
Dante
In this pamphlet, Luther criticized the practices of indulgences and challenged the right of the Pope to offer them
95 Theses
God's absolute sovereignty in human salvation, as preached by Calvinists
Predestination
Spiritual order founded by Ignatius of Loyola that aimed to spread Catholicism through missionary work
Jesuits/Society of Jesus
The Renaissance was a "rebirth" of interest in this
Classical culture
This term means to separate religion from worldly affairs
Secularism
He painted The School of Athens, which featured cameos by other Renaissance artists in the guise of Greek philosophers
Raphael
This English playwright wrote about human flaws during the Northern Renaissance
William Shakespeare
Luther believed that salvation came by ______, through _______
Grace, faith
One impact that Queen Elizabeth I had on the Reformation
Defeating the Spanish Armada
Making the Church of England the official church of England
Name one Protestant religion that the Counter-Reformation pushed back on
Lutheran, Calvinism, Anglican, Baptist, Methodist, Puritan, etc
This was a series of wars between Christians and Muslims that led to increased trade and cultural interaction, leading to the start of the Renaissance
The Crusades
This man is considered the father of humanism and wrote his poems in vernacular
Petrarch
This artist is best known for his portraits and the Birth of Venus
Botticelli
He wrote Utopia, depicting the perfect society
Thomas More
This act replaced the Pope with the King of England as the head of the church in England
The Act of Supremacy
This treaty ended fighting between Catholics and Protestants and allowed German Princes to decide the official religion of their state
The Treaty of Augsberg
This Pope was in charge of reforming the church after the Protestant Reformation
Pope Paul III