Technology
James Watt, a British engineer, made this invention useful for industry.
What is the steam engine?
What is demand?
This author wrote WEALTH OF NATIONS.
Who was Adam Smith?
In the period 1858-1870, this new kingdom formed out of many smaller city-states joining together, so that all parts of the kingdom could cooperate rather than competing as they tried to 'catch up' in the Industrial Revolution.
What is Italy?
This is another word for cloth, and it frequently occurs before the word 'mill' in discussions of early factories.
What is textile?
What is steel?
What is mercantilism?
This military commander led an army wearing red shirts through southern Italy, fighting small battles and besieging Rome in order to unify the country.
Who is Garibaldi?
Population in Europe rose a lot in the period between 1600-1800, in part because of better nutrition brought by foods that came from the Americas in this great exchange.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This two-word phrase refers to "items used in a shop or factory, where they are turned into another kind of product."
What are raw materials?
This was Jethro Tull's most famous contribution to farming, a device to evenly-space crops in straight rows.
What is the seed drill?
The concept of letting markets (buyers and sellers) choose who and where to trade is called by this name, which is French for 'leave it alone.'
What is laissez-faire?
This person was a key developer of germ theory, the idea that some bacteria could cause disease -- and he found ways to purify milk and other beverages, too.
Who was Louis Pasteur?
These organizations of workers first formed in response to the low wages and poor working conditions in cities.
What are labor unions?
People's rates of getting this disease fell rapidly after Edward Jenner developed his vaccine.
What is smallpox?
Who is James Hargreaves?
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, people who pushed for the end of child labor also started to argue for this new idea about voting.
What is women's suffrage?
This businessman/landowner/government official from northern Italy worked to unify the country, especially the northern section.
Who was Camilo Cavour?
This change involved landowners fencing their property to protect their own pastures for grazing; it made it harder for poor workers to make a living off the land.
What is enclosure?
This is a term for what labor unions do -- it means 'negotiating as a group,' even if it takes some work stoppages to do it.
What is collective bargaining?
This is what Eli Whitney's famous invention was designed to do.
What is remove seeds from cotton?
What is liberalism?
These TWO authors worked on the book called The Communist Manifesto.
Who were Karl Marx and Freidrich Engles?
Before there were large factories, there was THIS kind of production, which took place partly in small workshops and partly in private homes. It was a little faster than the a small workshop, but not fast enough to meet demand, so businesses developed factories instead.
What is cottage industry?
Karl Marx was the first to call the middle and owning classes by this long name.
What is the bourgeoisie?