Imperialism 1
What is imperialism?
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially
Define and give an example of a sphere of influence.
an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United States
Why was the Anti-Imperialism League created?
What is an organization meant to battle American imperialism, by protesting American Annexation of the Philippines?
What did it mean when the British referred to India as the “jewel in the crown”of their empire?
It was their most valuable colony
Why did the Sepoy mutiny mark a turning point in Indian history?
The British government took direct control of India after this
What is Social Darwinism?
The application of Darwin’s ideas about evolution and the “survival of the fittest” to human societies, particularly as justification for imperialist expansion
Define Protectorate and give an example
a country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
Britain established a protectorate in the Niger River delta
What is an Anti-imperialist?
An organization meant to battle American imperialism, by protesting American Annexation of the Philippines.
Who fought in the Opium War?
Britain and China
Why could the Indians not unite against the British in the Sepoy Mutiny?
Weak leadership and serious splits between Muslims and Hindus
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?
To set down rules for European nations to divide Africa up among themselves into colonies
Define Colony and give an example of one
a country or territory governed internally by a foreign power
Somaliland in East Africa was a French colony
What was the importance of the Suez Canal?
Connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean; reduced travel time, promoted trade
What was the significance of the Panama Canal?
Connected the Atlantic and Pacific without having to go around South America; reduced travel time, promoted trade
What was the Open Door Policy?
A policy proposed by the US in 1899 under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China
What were the two imperial management methods?
Indirect Control
Direct Control
Define and give an example of economic imperialism
an independent but less-developed country controlled by private business interest rather than other governments
The Dole Fruit Company controlled the pineapple trade in Hawaii
Name TWO of China’s responses to Western influence
Remained committed to traditional values
lost numerous territorial conflicts
opposed Western imperialism but granted other nations sphere of influence within China
initially resisted change but finally excepted necessity for reform
Name TWO things the British did to the Indian economy:
Prevented the Indian economy from operating on its own
British policies called for India to produce raw materials for British manufacturing
British policies called for India to buy British goods
Indian competition with British goods was prohibited
King Leopold was know for committing atrocities against the peoples of the _______________, for the purpose of taking ____________ a natural resource to enrich European and American Imperialist.
What is the Congo and rubber trees?
What are the four forms of imperialism?
Colony
Protectorate
Sphere of Influence
Economic imperialism
Give TWO characteristics of Indirect Control and give ONE example of this method:
local government officials were used
limited self-rule
government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rule
GOAL: to develop future leaders
British colonies of Nigeria, India, Burma
Give TWO characteristics of Direct Control and give ONE example of this method:
foreign officials brought in to rule
no self-rule
government institutions are based only on European styles (no local rule)
GOAL: assimilation
French colonies in Somaliland and Vietnam, German colonies in German East Africa, Portuguese colonies in Angola
Name THREE negative impacts of British imperialism in India
British held much of the economic and political power
British restricted Indian-owned industries
Emphasis on cash crops led to loss of self-sufficiency for many villagers
Reduced food production, causing famines
Threats to Indian traditional life
Name THREE positive impacts of British imperialism in India
Railroads enabled India to develop a modern economy and brought unity to the regions
modern road networks, communication systems, dams, bridges, irrigation canals help India to modernize
sanitation and public health improved
schools and colleges were founded
literacy increased
end to bandits and local warfare