Beliefs
The deep veneration of one's family and ancestors.
Filial Piety
A prosperous dynasty that replaced the Tang.
The Song Dynasty
The trade route that passed through Baghdad
The Silk Road
The title given to Christians and Jews by the Muslims
People of the Book
Held a higher status and more freedoms when compared to Christian and Jewish women
The status of Muslim women
A belief system that emphasized the hierarchical nature of society.
Confucianism
A test taken by potential government officials in Song China that allowed for upward mobility.
The Civil Service Exam
An influential trading city located in the Abbasid Caliphate
Baghdad
A group of slave mercenaries from Egypt
Mamluks
Confucianism taught that they should be respected, but still subservient to men.
Women in Song China
A form of Confucianism that demonstrated both continuity and change within the Song Dynasty
Neo-Confucianism
The four groups that caused the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate
The Mamluks, Seljuk Turks, Crusaders, and Mongols
A major waterway that the Song expanded, which improved trade.
The Grand Canal
Educated landowners from China
Scholar gentry
A library located in a popular Abbasid trading city that became a center for learning and scholarship
The Baghdad House of Wisdom
A belief system that moved away from scholarly Muslim traditions and toward inner spirituality
Sufism
A system that describes the unequal relationship between China and nations around it, like Vietnam and Korea.
The Tribute System
A strain of rice that could be harvested twice a year and was drought-resistant.
Champa Rice
A scholar who laid the foundations for trigonometry.
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
A significant example of cultural preservation in the Abbasid Caliphate, which would later lead to the European Renaissance.
The preservation of Greek and Roman texts
The three processes in which Islam spread
Missionary efforts, trade, and conquest
The ethnicity that replaced the Arab rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate, marking a change in the Islamic World
Turkic rulers
A development within the Song Dynasty that altered the traditional coin-based payment system.
Paper money
A prolific Sufi and poet.
'A'isha al-Ba'uniyya
A version of Buddhism that was highly popular due to its emphasis on the universal nature of Buddhism
Mahayana Buddhism