European Geography
In Europe today, monarchs are
a. still a major force in politics
b. completely gone
c. the heads of most states but losing power
d. in only a few countries and mostly ceremonial
d. in only a few countries and mostly ceremonial
What form of government was used by every government in Europe in 1500?
What twentieth century scientist revolutionized the study of psychology?
a. Albert Einstein
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Alexander Fleming
d. Philo Farnsworth
b. Sigmund Freud
What was the focus of the Enlightenment?
a. astronomy
b. physics
c. biology
d. government & ethics
d. government & ethics
The phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration of Independence came from what?
Enlightenment ideas in Europe
In Europe in 1650, what group held the most political power?
a. church leaders
b. laborers
c. royal families
d. business owners
c. Royal families
What was the Glorious Revolution in England?
a. When Oliver Cromwell's protectorate was overthrown and the monarchy restored
b. The final split of the English Church from Roman Catholic authority
c. The end of the monarchy in England and the establishment of a constitutional republic
d. The bloodless removal of James II and the establishment of a limited monarchy
d. The bloodless removal of James II and the establishment of a limited monarchy
What made Dolly the sheep significant in world history?
a. She provided the material for the first chicken pox vaccine.
b. She was the first mammal clone.
c. She was the first mammal to have a fully mapped genome.
d. She helped synthesize the first anti-viral treatment after infection.
b. She was the first mammal clone.
The Encyclopédie is most associated with which Enlightenment thinker?
a. Diderot
b. Voltaire
c. Montesquieu
d. Rousseau
Why did the revolutionaries in France feel threatened by Marie Antoinette?
Because she had ties to the former monarchy, as she was the surviving spouse of King Louis XVI, who had been executed.
How did the views of people about government change in Europe, from 1650 to 1850?
In 1650, the popular thought was that the royal and aristocratic families of Europe ruled their subjects. Their people's duty was to serve them. By 1850, the popular thought was that nations were made up of citizens whose governments served them.
Why did the English throne pass from the Tudor dynasty to the Stuarts in 1603?
Elizabeth I, the last monarch of England's Tudor dynasty, died without any heirs. So, the throne passed to James I, a member of the Stuart family.
The Manhattan Project focused on producing what?
The atomic bomb
Which of the following is not considered a cause of the Enlightenment?
a. increased availability of printed books
b. The Scientific Revolution
c. Capitalism
d. The Renaissance
c. Capitalism
What is the significance of Bastille Day and why is it important in France?
It celebrates the day when the French masses rose up against oppression.
Describe some of the main changes between Europe in 1650 and Europe today.
The changes that took place in Europe since 1650 have been striking. The empires are gone, the wars over religion and territory have stopped for now, and the population has skyrocketed. Modern Europe is no longer like the Europe that fought nearly continuous wars over religion between 1530 and 1648.
What were some of the main reasons why absolute monarchies developed in Eastern Europe?
In Eastern Europe, absolute monarchies developed because of the need for a strong central government. These countries were often less economically developed than those of Western Europe, and still relied on the feudal system of nobles and peasants. In countries like Prussia and Russia, a strong absolute monarch helped in many ways. They used this power to strengthen armies, gain new territory, and improve the economy. They even improved the relationships between the peasants and the nobles.
What was the connection of the Black Death to the Scientific Revolution?
The Church was unable to provide a satisfactory explanation for significant natural disasters like the Great Famine and Black Death. Europeans began to observe the natural world around them more closely and tried to think of explanations for why things were the way they were. Because the Renaissance had brought with it the rediscovery of the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, most of the Renaissance thinkers were following the writings of Aristotle, Ptolemy, and Galen.
What phenomenon contributed to the spread of Enlightenment ideas among ordinary people?
increased literacy among the masses
Which of the following is not a reason that Napoleon rose quickly to power?
a. He became nationally recognized as a war hero.
b. He expanded France's territory by conquering other countries.
c. He promised to lower the taxes levied by the previous king.
d. He conspired to overthrow the corrupt government.
c. He promised to lower the taxes levied by the previous king.
What role did freedom of religion play in Europe in the 1600s?
No role, almost. People could not openly speak about their religion if it differed from that of the monarch.
In the mid-17th century, nearly every nation had one official religion. The official religion of a country or empire was that of its monarch. Italy and Spain were the most thoroughly Roman Catholic nations. Other countries, such as the Dutch Republic, were primarily Protestant. Some countries permitted those of a different faith to live within their borders, though often as second-class citizens. People with no religious beliefs dared not say so out loud.
Describe the Restoration period.
By 1660, Parliament was not so happy with Cromwell's strictness and felt that England needed a monarch again, so they chose Charles I's son, Charles II. This period of time was known as the Restoration, with Charles II restored to his hereditary throne. He tried to work with Parliament, but he refused to consult with it about foreign policy or relations with other countries. He was also close friends with the Catholic king of France, which worried Protestant English leaders.
Who was Margaret Cavendish and what made her unique?
Margaret Cavendish was a British writer, scientist, and aristocrat who lived in the 17th century. One might consider her a "Renaissance Woman," although her male contemporaries might not have thought of her as such. What made Cavendish unique was the fact that she published under her own name, which was unusual for women of the era. Because of this, she was criticized by many male philosophers and scientists of the time.
How did the Scientific Revolution contribute to the Enlightenment?
It led thinkers to question traditional ideas.
What was the main event which led to Napoleon's fall from power?
His Russian campaign weakened his grip on Europe overall.