Industrial Revolution
Why is the Industrial Revolution considered a turning point in history?
It shifted societies from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing one, with products being made by machines rather than by hand
What was the Enlightenment?
a philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that emphasized the use of reason and logic to understand the world, questioning traditional authority and advocating for individual liberty, progress, and tolerance
What was the Scientific Revolution?
a period of significant change in scientific thought that occurred primarily in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries, marked by the development of the scientific method, new discoveries in astronomy, physics, biology, and mathematics, and a shift from relying on ancient Greek philosophy to empirical observation and experimentation to understand the natural world; essentially laying the foundation for modern science
What was the major grievance of the American colonists against British rule?
Taxation without representation
What does C/E/R stand for?
Claim, evidence, reasoning
What were two technological advancements of the Industrial Revolution?
Cotton gin, steam engine, spinning jenny, power loom, telegraph, sewing machine, railroad locomotives,
Which two groups of people played the greatest role in the enlightenment?
Scientists and scholars
What is one invention/thought that was created during the Scientific Revolution?
Many correct responses...
Telescope, microscope, thermometer, gravity, heliocentric model, scientific method, inertia
What were the main grievances of enslaved Africans in Saint-Domingue?
brutal working conditions on sugar plantations, extreme physical punishment, inadequate food and medical care, lack of basic human rights, the inability to practice their African culture, a strict social hierarchy that denied them any chance of advancement, and the constant threat of violence from their enslavers, all stemming from the harsh system of slavery enforced by the French colonial regime
What does your claim need to do?
What geographic, economic, and social factors allowed Britain to lead the Industrial Revolution?
Coal reserves, flat land to build canals, coastal access, pre-established trade networks, political stability
Where did Locke believe a good government got its power from?
How did the Scientific Revolution affect the Catholic Church?
Caused tension and conflict as many new scientific discoveries, particularly regarding astronomy like the heliocentric model, were perceived as contradicting the Bible and thus threatening the Church's authority.
What impact did the French Revolution have on the spread of revolutionary ideals across Europe?
The French Revolution significantly impacted the spread of revolutionary ideals across Europe by promoting concepts like liberty, equality, and fraternity, which inspired people in other countries to challenge their own monarchical systems and fight for similar rights, leading to a wave of uprisings and political reforms
Tie your evidence back to your claim... how does the evidence you chose support the claim that you are making?
What factors led to the growth of cities during the Industrial Revolution?
the development of factories, which required large workforces and drew people from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment, causing a phenomenon known as urbanization; this concentration of workers near factories fueled the expansion of cities.
What was the Encyclopedia, and what did it have to do with the Enlightenment?
The encyclopedia project reflected the Age of Enlightenment because it was in keeping with the Enlightenment goal of informing and educating the people. The encyclopedia project served to make that possible by offering summaries of knowledge from diverse fields of study.
How did the Scientific Revolution lead to Enlightenment?
Promoted a reliance on reason, empirical evidence, and critical thinking, which then led Enlightenment thinkers to apply these same principles to societal and political issues, questioning traditional authority and advocating for progress based on rational thought and natural laws, rather than solely relying on religion
What were the three estates, and how did they help lead to the revolution?
the Clergy (First Estate), the Nobility (Second Estate), and the Commoners (Third Estate); the vast majority of the population belonged to the Third Estate, yet they had little political power, leading to widespread discontent and ultimately contributing significantly to the French Revolution by fueling frustration with the unequal social structure and heavy tax burden placed on them while the privileged classes paid little to none
What does the evidence include?
A quotation from a source with a citation, or a brief summary with a citation (depends on what the prompt asks).
How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to the rise of imperialism/global power dynamics?
created a need for industrialized nations to acquire new sources of raw materials and markets for their manufactured goods, leading them to colonize territories rich in resources, thus shifting global power dynamics towards the industrialized nations who could exploit these colonies for economic gain
What ideas did Jefferson include in the Declaration of Independence that echo the beliefs of John Locke?
All citizens have natural rights to life and liberty; when a government does not grant those rights, the people have the right to change or overthrow it. The government gets its power from the people.
What were the political and religious challenges faced by scientists during the Scientific Revolution, particularly regarding the Church's authority?
The Catholic Church actively investigated and punished individuals who promoted ideas deemed heretical, which often targeted scientists whose theories challenged the Church's interpretation of the natural world. Scientists who challenged the Church's views could face social ostracism, political repercussions, and even imprisonment depending on the prevailing political clima
What were the outcomes of the Haitian Revolution for the people of Haiti?
establishment of Haiti as the first independent Black republic in the world, abolishing slavery and giving former enslaved people control over their own nation, although this victory came at the cost of significant economic hardship and a legacy of international isolation due to the fear of slave rebellions in other colonies; the revolution also left Haiti with a devastated infrastructure and a heavy debt burden from reparations paid to France for recognizing their independence.
What is the purpose of "reliability"?
To state the impact of the bias of the source on your claim