River Valley Civilizations
Which geographic feature most directly enabled complex societies in Mesopotamia and Egypt?
What is a river valley (e.g., Nile, Tigris–Euphrates)?
Which 1215 document introduced early limits on royal authority?
What is the Magna Carta?
Which explorer’s voyage around Africa opened European access to Asia?
Who is Vasco da Gama?
Which development most increased Europe’s supply of luxury goods and boosted Italian city‑states?
What is reopening and expansion of eastern Mediterranean trade after the Crusades?
True or False: The printing press helped spread new religious and scientific ideas.
True
What writing system did Mesopotamia (Tigris–Euphrates) use?
What is cuneiform?
What idea did Chinese dynasties use to justify and remove rulers?
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
Name two major organisms/items Europe introduced to the Americas
- Domestic animals (e.g., horses, cattle, pigs)
- Old World crops (e.g., wheat, barley, sugarcane)
- European livestock, weeds and pests
- Technology & tools (iron tools, firearms)
- Diseases and microbes (Old World epidemics)
- Ideas & institutions (Christianity, European legal/economic
Which TWO items were commonly traded along trans‑Saharan/West African routes? (choose two)
What are salt and gold?
One short effect of the Black Death on labor and social order.
Why were fewer workers meant higher wages for survivors and weakened the old feudal order?
What early Chinese writing form is associated with the Huang He / Shang?
What are oracle bones?
Give one key tenet of Zoroastrianism and how it influenced later monotheistic religions (one line).
What is the belief in one main god and choosing good over evil — influenced later monotheistic ideas about one god and moral choice?
Name two major goods from the Americas that went to Europe.
- New staple crops (e.g., maize/corn, potatoes)
- Cash crops/foods (e.g., tomatoes, cacao → chocolate)
- New animals/organisms (e.g., turkeys, guinea pigs)
- New agricultural products (e.g., tobacco)
- New foods that changed diets and population (calorie‑rich crops)
One effect of Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage
What showed Mali’s wealth and made Mansa Musa famous across the Islamic world?
Which Renaissance development most directly encouraged questioning Church authority?
What is the printing press?
Name one Neolithic change that let people settle in permanent villages.
What is farming/domesticating plants and animals?
What Roman legal legacy from the review influenced later law?
What are the Roman Twelve Tables?
One sentence: Explain the Treaty of Tordesillas.
Spain and Portugal agreed to split newly found lands by a line drawn on maps so they wouldn’t fight.
Which strategy did Genghis Khan and the Mongols use to expand and intimidate opponents?
What is using terror and promising to spare those who surrendered?
Which TWO pairings are correct? (choose two from the list below)
A. Copernicus — heliocentric model
B. Mansa Musa — led the Protestant Reformation
C. Galileo — telescopic observations of Jupiter’s moons
D. Genghis Khan — codified Christian canon law
What is Copernicus — heliocentric model?
What is Galileo — telescopic observations of Jupiter’s moons?
Name one Classical scientist from the review and one achievement (brief).
Who is Archimedes — discovered principles of levers/buoyancy (or Eratosthenes — estimated Earth’s circumference)?
How did the Ten Commandments influence early legal traditions?
What are the written set of moral rules that influenced later laws?
One biological consequence of the Columbian Exchange for indigenous peoples (short).
What is many indigenous people died from new diseases like smallpox?
Why was Constantinople’s location strategically important for trade?
What sat between Europe and Asia and controlled key land and sea trade routes?
Name one Tang/Song China scientific/technological achievement and one effect.
What is printing — books became easier to copy and ideas spread more widely?