Unit 1: Religion, Trade, and Ottomans
This Religion is among the earliest which is still practiced today based primarily in India and centered around the Vedas.
What is Hinduism?
This animal was first thought to be responsible for the spread of the Black Plague though that has since been proven incorrect.
What are Rats or Rattus rattus?
This Revolution is said to have created the spark of many of the other Revolutions which accord between 1750-1850.
What is the American Revolution?
This well known french philosopher is credited for championing Free Expression and this quote..."I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend your right to say it." as well as his writings like Candide
Who is Voltaire?
Charles Louis de Montesquieu, who proposed the separation of power in government by creating three branches, was actually a member of the French nobility and bore this title.
What is Baron?
Charles Louis Secondat, Baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu
Along with goods and luxury items, trade throughout history has also enabled the spread of these ideological systems.
What are Religions or Enlightenment Philosophies?
The Italian Renaissance differed from the Northern Renassaince (which focus more on religious art) and instead focused on the culutural revival of these two classical civilizations.
What are Greek and Roman?
Author of the Two Treatieses of Government, this English philosopher believed that all men were born with the natural rights of Life, Liberty, and Property.
Who is John Locke?
Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 1451-1481, acheived this great feat in 1453, whcih established the Ottoman Empire as the dominent power in the Middle East.
What is the Conquest of Constantinople?
The main impact of this treaty created in 1494 by Pope Alexander VI was to unwittingly give Spain 'permission' to dominate and Christianize the American continents.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Control over this Ocean was highly contested due to trade with South East Asia and enventually fell into the hands of the Portugeuse after the discovery by Vasco de Gama of a sea route around Africa.
What is the Indian Ocean?
The ideas and practices of this powerful European insitution were brought into question with increasing consequences during the periods of the Plague, Renaissance, and Reformation.
What is the Catholic Church?
Industrialization is said to have started in this European country in the nineteenth century due to an abundance of natural resources, a global economy, a non-absolute government, and ease of transportation with waterways and coastline.
What is England?
aka Britain, The United Kingdom, Britania, The Unified Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, or Great Britain
This concept was introduced into European culture during the Renaissance and Reformation periods and represented a shift in focus from spiritual to wordly matters and the achievements of individuals over the group.
What is Secularism?
Murad I Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 1362-1389 is best known for proposing this 'Blood Tax' on the Christian Balkan Regions of the empire to create the elite Janissary Corps of the Ottoman military.
What is the Devshirme System?
The Kingdom of Mali was able to flourish by trading Salt and Gold for essential and luxury goods along this series of trade routes connecting it to North Africa.
What are the Trans-Saharan Trade Routes?
For the survivors of the Black Death in Europe, those in previously disadvantaged positions, serfs, found that they were able to bargin for this positive outcome caused by a shortage in labor.
What are Higher Wages?
The Age of Revolutions can be best said to have originated from this period in Europe which used reason to challange social systems such as monarchies, slavery, and mercantilism.
What is the Enlightenment?
While the American Continents could have been named after the Native Tribes, the Viking Explorers, or Christorpher Columbus. Their name is actually taken from this Florentine Explorer who is credited with being among the first in Europe to publically claim that the New World was made up of two Continents rather than a series of islands.
Who is Amerigo Vespucci?
The concept of triangular sails, which made the Caravel so successful as a vessel of exploration, was actually an idea, like the astrolabe, that Europeans adopted from this region of the Old World thanks to trade.
What is the Middle East?
During the 15th century (1400s) trade was breifly interrupted between Europe and China because of the Ming Dynasty's return to this political policy.
What is Isolationism?
This event brought on many postive and negative changes, which occurred on a global scale, altering ecosystems across the planet and also attributing to the massive die-off of Native American societies.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Many of the ideas of the Enlightment and Revolutionary periods were successful thanks to the rapid spread of information, which in Europe is thanks to the invention of this machine by this German inventor allowing information to wind up in the hands of thousands. (Two Answers 400pts per Answer)
Who is Johannes Gutenberg the inventor of the Printing Press?
In this economic system established in the age of colonization. Colonies existed primarily to provide resources to and serve as a private market for their founding nation or 'mother country.'
What is Mercantilism?
Following the Glourious Revolution in England, the new monarchs William and Mary were forced by the Parliament to sign this document, forever limiting the power of English monarchs.
What is the English Bill of Rights?
Following the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the Ottoman Empire was able to invade much of Eastern Europe to the borders of Russia and Hungary. In these regions Ottoman rule was best characterized for this tolerent stance using local leaders.
What is Limited Self-Government?
The success of European colonies in the Americas is largley in part to this farming technique, which led to establishment of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and the mass enslavement of Native Americans and Africans in the New World.
What is the Plantation System?
What is Divine Right?
Knwon in China as the Mandate of Heaven (fun fact)
The steam engine was originally invented in England by this man in order to create a pump to remove water from coal mines which would become the fuel of the Indutrial Revolution's reliable energy source.
Who is Thomas Newcomen?
During the Catholic Counter Reformation, the Jesuit Order, established by Ignatius of Loyola sought to improve the knowledge of priests and spread the Catholic faith globally under the motto 'Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam' which translate to this in English.
What is 'For the Greater Glory of God'?
Part of the reasoning behind the rivalry which existed between Europe and the Ottoman Empire was due to the fact that the Ottomans followed this Abrahamic faith and also activley taxed European trade encouraging the search for a Sea Route to Asia.
What is Islam?
An ethical and philosophical approach to life that emphasizes human interests, values, and dignity, often through reason, scientific inquiry, and a commitment to human fulfillment in this world is the definition best associated with this concept born from the Renaissance Period.
What is Humanism?
The Industrial Revolution led to a massive increase in factory based production which resulted in an increased demand for workers in cities, resulting in a migration from rual areas known as this.
What is Urbanization?
The plebiscite of 1802 was a French referendum that officially made this man "First Consul for Life," securing his absolute control of France.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
Lady Liberty a symboly of inspiration often depicted and referenced in the French Revolutions of 1789 and 1848 is based off this mythological figure.
Who is Libertas, the Roman goddess of Freedom