Exploration/Enlightenment
The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, and later to North and South America, to be sold as slaves; called this because it was considered the middle leg of the triangular trade
What was the Middle Passage?
A fleet sent by Spain in 1588 to invade England; it was defeated
What was the Spanish Armada?
the rule of a despot; the exercise of absolute authority. · absolute power or control
What is Despotism?
Described by Thomas Hobbes as short, nasty, and brutish; life in this state was full of chaos because of the lack of laws; describes the survival of the fittest
What was State of Nature?
Lover of wisdom
What is a Philosophe?
A king who inherited the French throne in 1643 and went on to rule with absolute power, saying, "I am the state"
Who was Louis XIV?
Writer of the Leviathan which said the state must have central authority to manage people; but that power is based upon the people rather than a divine source
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
Established the colony of West Jersey; would be governed by a strong assembly that protected civil liberties; religious freedom
What was the Concession and Agreement of West Jersey?
agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights thus creating an organized society or government
What was a Social Contract?
informal social gathering where writers, artists, philosophes, and others exchanged ideas
What is salon?
King of Spain; inherited Spain and the Spanish Netherlands, and American Colonies from his father Charles V, later took Portugal and its holdings to the east; an absolute monarch who helped lead the Counter-Reformation by persecuting Protestants in his holdings. Also sent the Spanish Armada against England.
Who was Phillip II?
A European conflict over religion and territory and for power among ruling families, lasting from 1618 - 1648
What was the Thirty Years War?
An 18th century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society
What was the Enlightenment?
English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights; influenced Thomas Jefferson
Who was John Locke?
A conflict in Europe, North America, and India, lasting from 1756 to 1763, in which the forces of Britain and Prussia battles those of Austria, France, Russia and other countries
What was the Seven Years War?
Queen of England from 1558 to 1603, Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, educated, never married, strong-minded, England prospered and defeated the Spanish Armada under her rule, supported the arts and exploration, Supported Protestantism; Founded church of England
Who was Elizabeth I?
a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
What is Absolutism?
The bloodless overthrow of the English King James II and his replacement, by William and Mary
What was the Glorious Revolution?
believed that to prevent tyranny in government there should be a separation of powers
Who was Montesquieu?
Tax on paper, newspapers, marriage licenses, and government issued bonds to help pay for the war debt; colonial reaction: no taxation without representation
What was the Stamp Act?
son of Alexis Romanov; ruled from 1689 to 1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; interested in changing selected aspects of economy and culture through imitation of western European models
Who was Peter the Great?
A system of governing in which the ruler’s power is limited by law
What is a Constitutional Monarchy?
an agreement between the nobles and the monarch - the nobles agreed that the monarch could continue to rule; for his part, King John agreed to observe common law and the traditional rights of the nobles and the Church
What was the Magna Carta?
Created the Social Contract and stressed the sacrifices we have to make for society
Who was Rousseau?
A statement of the reasons for the American colonies’ break with Britain; approved by Second Continental Congress
What was the Declaration of Independence?