Key Figures
This Frankish leader stopped the Muslim advance into Europe at the Battle of Tours.
Who is Charles Martel?
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all trace their origins to this patriarch.
Who is Abraham?
This movement focused on human potential and the study of classical texts.
What is Humanism?
Gold, God, and Glory were the three major motives for this period.
What is the Age of Exploration?
This French prison was stormed in 1789, symbolizing the start of the French Revolution.
What is the Bastille?
This scholar combined Christian theology with the ideas of Aristotle.
Who is Thomas Aquinas?
The split between Sunni and Shia Muslims began over disagreement about this issue.
What is who should lead Islam after Muhammad’s death?
This invention by Gutenberg increased literacy and spread ideas rapidly.
What is the printing press?
This exchange transferred plants, animals, diseases, and people between Europe and the Americas.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This movement emphasized reason, natural rights, and challenging absolute monarchy.
What is the Enlightenment?
This king led English forces during the Third Crusade.
Who is Richard I of England?
This event split Christianity into the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches in 1054.
What is the Great Schism?
This scientist proposed the heliocentric theory.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
This American civilization built terraces in the Andes Mountains.
Who were the Incas?
This economic system is based on private ownership and free markets.
What is capitalism?
This ruler of Mali became famous for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca.
Who is Mansa Musa?
This branch of Islam believed leadership should stay within Muhammad’s family.
What is Shia Islam?
This German monk started the Protestant Reformation by posting the 95 Theses.
Who is Martin Luther?
This American civilization used floating gardens called chinampas.
Who were the Aztecs?
This philosopher believed history was shaped by class struggle and wrote The Communist Manifesto.
Who is Karl Marx?
This economist wrote The Wealth of Nations and supported free-market capitalism.
Who is Adam Smith?
This medieval series of religious wars was fought over control of the Holy Land.
What are the Crusades?
The Renaissance began in this Italian city known for trade and banking.
What is Florence?
One major negative effect of the Columbian Exchange was the spread of these deadly illnesses to Native Americans.
What were diseases such as smallpox?
This revolution began in Great Britain and transformed economies through machines and factories.
What is the Industrial Revolution?