Chapter 1
What is the belief that a ruler gets his power from God called?
Divine right of kings
Which event marked the foundation for a constitutional monarchy in England?
Glorious Revolution
What is belief in reason and logic as the primary source of knowledge?
rationalism
What were informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophes, and others exchanged intellectual ideas?
salons
What is a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without government or others interfering?
laissez-faire
Who were the French Protestants influenced by John Calvin?
Huguenots
What did Oliver Cromwell's defeat of the king of England's forces allow him to establish?
A military dictatorship
What is a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem?
Scientific method
What is a system in which rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers?
Enlightened absolutism
What is the view or belief that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation?
Empiricism
What officially ended the Thirty Years’ War?
Peace of Westphalia
What key principle did Thomas Hobbes believe guided human behavior?
Basic survival instincts
What is a widespread disease that spreads quickly and kills many people?
plague
What is a voluntary agreement between the people and their government signifying their consent to be governed?
social contract
What was the 18th century movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly?
Enlightenment
What document ended the French Wars of Religion?
Edict of Nantes
What was the primary purpose of the English Bill of Rights?
To create a freely elected Parliament
What is the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government; constitutional division of powers?
separation of powers
What is the religion of the Enlightenment (1700s) where followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards God left it to run by its own natural laws?
deism
Who is the 17th century French philosopher that wrote Discourse on Method and is quoted as saying, "I think therefore I am"? (father of modern rationalism)
Rene Descartes
What is the term for the right of a state to be independent and govern itself without foreign interference?
National sovereignty
What was John Locke's argument used to support during the eighteenth century?
Demands for constitutional government
Who is a person who searches for wisdom or enlightenment?
philosopher
What are official changes, corrections, or additions (to the Constitution)?
amendments
What was the weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War?
Articles of Confederation