Module 1
Former name of Istanbul?
Constantinople
True/false: if you were born in the Middle Ages in Europe, moving up in the social ladder was not easy. If you were born a serf, you were likely to die a serf.
True.
What was the name of the city that was famous for being a center of learning and trade in the Mali Empire?
Timbuktu
What was the name of the code of conduct that samurai had to follow?
Bushido
People conquered by the Inca generally were required to do what?
pay a labor tax
one third
Who was the grandfather of Charlemagne?
Charles Martel, former Frankish ruler
What are the most recognizable and famous artifacts of the Olmec civilization?
Their massive, carved stone heads
The Holy Roman Empire was first organized by who?
Charlemagne
What event marked the end of the Golden Age of Islam?
The Mongols conquering the Abbasids - the fall of Baghdad in 1258
What event marks year one according to the Muslim calendar?
The Prophet's hijrah from Makkah to Madinah
What effect did the Seljuk Turks have on the start of the Crusades?
For centuries, Christian pilgrims from Europe had been making the long, dangerous journey to the Holy Land. There, they visited shrines such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Under early Islamic empires, Christians were allowed to make this pilgrimage. Then, in the early 11th century, the Seljuk Turks conquered the Holy Land. The Seljuk Turks closed the pilgrimage routes and attacked Christian pilgrims. They also attacked Christian lands held by the Byzantines in Anatolia.
What made Machu Picchu different from many other Mesoamerican cities?
It was one of the few ancient cities that survived the Spanish conquest and stayed intact
Urbanization and the rise of the middle class are both associated with the decline of what?
feudalism
What was the Iconoclast Controversy?
In the eighth and ninth centuries, the Byzantine Empire is probably most famous for the iconoclasm controversy. An icon is a holy image or sculpture of a revered holy figure such as Jesus Christ or a saint. A saint is someone who is recognized as holy or virtuous by the Church. Byzantine art frequently used human forms and symbols to represent important ideas and figures in Christianity. A great debate arose over whether this type of practice, including veneration of the icons, was acceptable. Eventually, controversy of the veneration of idols led to the formation of religious councils to settle the issue, including the Iconoclastic Council of 754 CE
In the 700s, what part of Europe had become part of the Islamic world?
Spain
What were the names of the five Japanese historical periods?
Heian, Kamakura, Ashikaga, Azuchi-Momoyama, Tokugawa
What was one "religious practice" that the Maya, Aztec, and Inca all engaged in?
Human sacrifice
What was an effect of the Mongol invasions on Japan in the thirteenth century?
Economic chaos
What was the history of the Hagia Sophia and under whose rule was it completed?
Completed in 537 CE, the Hagia Sophia was originally a Christian cathedral. It has a huge main dome, which is supported by marble pillars. A dome is a hemispherical roof or ceiling of a building. The Hagia Sophia also has two small domes and contains many beautiful mosaics. In 1453, after the Turks conquered Constantinople, the Hagia Sophia became a mosque.
The Hagia Sophia was completed under the rule of Justinian I. It was built in six years, which is an incredibly short time for a period that did not have the benefit of power tools. The minarets were added when the structure became a mosque.
The development of algebra is associated with what period in history?
Golden Age of Islam
Name some similarities between feudal Europe and feudal Japan.
Based on a lord and vassal relationship
Warfare was common and prevented unification
Used marriage to form alliances
Hired warriors for protection
Estates centered around a castle
Fought wars for power and wealth
What was one specific reason the Aztecs performed human sacrifice?
The Aztecs performed human sacrifices to their god Huitzilopochtili because they believed he desired human blood. They further believed this god caused the disasters because he had not received enough blood. In order to appease him, Moctezuma increased the number of human sacrifices. In fact, he conquered more territory to gain sacrificial victims.
What were the primary religions practiced in the Sudanic empires of West Africa?
Islam and animistic beliefs
What did Moctezuma I do to prevent flooding in the Aztec civilization?
In order to prevent flooding, he built a ten-mile dam around Tenochtitlan. In addition, he sponsored the construction of an aqueduct, which provided a constant supply of fresh water to the city of Tenochtitlan. As you have read, he made great internal improvements; however, he was also faced with many problems.