Mesopotamia
What is the name of the writing system developed by the Sumerians?
Cuneiform
What is the purpose of the pyramids in ancient Egypt?
To serve as tombs for pharaohs and ensure their journey to the afterlife.
What is a definition of history?
study of the human past and the story of change over time
What was the primary governing body of the Roman Republic?
The Senate
What is the name of the city-state known for its military prowess?
Sparta
Which two rivers are crucial to the development of Mesopotamian civilization?
Tigris and Euphrates
Who was the first female pharaoh of Egypt?
Hatshepsut
Which kind of scholar studies objects left behind?
archeologist
Who was Julius Caesar, and why is he significant?
Julius Caesar was a military general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.
Who is considered the father of democracy in Athens?
Cleisthenes
What is the significance of the Code of Hammurabi?
It established some of the earliest written laws and emphasized justice
Describe the significance of the Nile River to ancient Egyptian civilization.
The Nile River provided fertile land for agriculture, transportation, and sustenance for Egyptian civilization.
What was the Neolithic Revolution?
A time when humans turned from hunting and gathering to farming
What were the Punic Wars, and who did Rome fight against?
The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage.
What contributions did ancient Greece make to modern science and philosophy?
Contributions include the development of the scientific method, democratic principles, and foundational philosophical concepts from thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
Name one major city-state in ancient Mesopotamia.
Uruk, Ur, or Babylon (any one of these is acceptable)
What did the ancient Egyptians believe about the afterlife?
They believed in an afterlife where the soul would be judged and could live eternally if deemed worthy.
What role did religion play in ancient civilizations?
Religion provided a framework for societal norms, moral guidelines, and served as a means of explaining natural phenomena.
Describe the significance of the Roman aqueducts.
Roman aqueducts were significant for their engineering prowess and for providing water to cities, enhancing public health and urban development.
Describe the role of mythology in ancient Greek culture.
Mythology played a central role in explaining natural events, guiding moral lessons, and influencing art and culture.
How did the agricultural advancements in Mesopotamia impact societal structures?
Agricultural advancements led to surplus food, population growth, and the development of complex societies with social hierarchies.
How did the concept of Ma'at influence Egyptian governance and society?
The concept of Ma'at represented truth, balance, and order, which influenced laws, governance, and ethical behavior in society.
Compare and contrast two ancient civilizations in terms of government structure.
(Example answer) Ancient Mesopotamia had a theocratic government, while Ancient Egypt was a monarchy; both had different methods of governance and law.
How did the fall of the Western Roman Empire affect Europe?
The fall of the Western Roman Empire led to a fragmented Europe, the rise of feudalism, and the beginning of the Middle Ages.
How did the Peloponnesian War impact the Greek city-states?
The Peloponnesian War weakened city-states, leading to loss of power, economic decline, and eventually paving the way for Macedonian dominance.