All About Rome?
These three factors that led to the decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire.
plague / civil war / invasions
This is the political and organizational hierarchy used by European kingdoms after the fall of Rome in the 5th century.
Feudalism
This is the establishment that emerged in the 5th century that largely determined Christian doctrine in Europe Western, Central, Northern, and parts of Southern Europe until the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century.
Roman Catholic Church
Provide three major threats to European states from 700-1450 CE (one remained a threat even after 1450 CE).
Ottoman Empire / Arab caliphates / Mongol hordes
What were the two ethnic/religious targets of discriminatory policies in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain & Portugal) in 1492 & 1497.
Jews & Muslims
The Edict of Thessalonica made this religion the official state religion of Rome in 380 CE.
Christianity
This is the lowest class within the Feudalism hierarchy
Serfs / Peasants
This is the lowest role within the Catholic Church's hierarchy serving as a communities direct access to the church
Priests
These were the dominant unions, commissioned by city governments, which controlled urban industries and determined employment, price limits, production methods, service hours, etc.
Craft Guilds
These were the Turkic invaders that largely removed the Byzantines from Anatolia (modern day Turkey) in 11th & 12th centuries.
Seljuk Turks
This was the empire that continued the name and practices of the Roman Empire from 330 – 1453 CE.
Byzantines
This is the highest class within the Feudalism hierarchy
Monarchs
This is the highest role within the Catholic Church's hierarchy seen and proclaimed as "the direct voice of God"
The Pope
This was journey in which Christians travel and pay to see, feel, touch, and/or purchase ‘sacred’ Catholic relics or sites.
Pilgrimage
This was the oppressive tax put on non-Muslim citizens to encourage conversion to Islam.
This was the capital of Europe's largest empire until 1453 and the surviving linage of the Roman Empire.
Constantinople
This is a middle class within the Feudalism hierarchy, known for their military skill selling their sword to make a living
Knights
This is a middle role within the Catholic Church's hierarchy, right below the highest authority they are seen as regional advisors to the Pope
Cardinals
This was the name of an attempted centralized empire comprised of mostly Germanic and Italian states in Central Europe from the 9th to 19th centuries.
Holy Roman Empire
This was the crusader order established in the Levant & continued in Eastern Europe until the 15th century.
Teutonic Knights
These were the Muslim forces responsible for its capture in 1453, and remained the largest threat to Christian Europe until around the late-18th century.
Ottoman Turks
This is a middle class within the Feudalism hierarchy, known for their status in society owning large swaths of land and the food which was grown upon it
Nobility / Lords & Ladies
This is a middle role within the Catholic Church's hierarchy, seen as regional governs they preside over numerous communities and their priests.
Bishops
What four ethnic groups remained largely or partly unconverted to Christianity at some point from the 5th-14th centuries.
Balts / Celts / Germans / Slavs
This was the oppressive ‘blood tax’ in which Christian boys aged 8-18 in Anatolia and the Balkans were taken, converted to Islam, and forced to serve in the military.
Devshirme
This was the event that split the Christian Church into Eastern and Western spheres in 1054 CE.
East-West Schism
This was an oath of military and political loyalty to a king or lord in medieval Europe.
Fealty
The strategy known as top-down was used by Church missionaries to convert who instead of individual people.
Rulers (Monarchs or Lords)
Aside from Germans and Italians, this was the other ethnic group that comprised the larger states of Bohemia and Moravia in the east to the Holy Roman Empire.
Czech
This was the target location of the crusades that targeted the Holy Lands from 1096-1291 CE.
The Levant
This Church began in 1054 and began missionary work in the Slavic territories.
Eastern Orthodox
This was the general name or blanket term for subordinate classes or subjects in the Feudalism hierarchy
Vassals
This was the term used by Christians to describe polytheistic non-Christians in Europe.
Pagan
This was the name for the pandemic that swept through Afro-Eurasia in the 14th century, killing anywhere from 35-50% of Europeans.
Black Death
These were the Western cultural ideals preserved and recovered from North Africa and the Middle East during the crusades in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Greco-Roman
These were the laws & rights that granted peasants use of manorial land for sustenance, so long as labor, grain, goods, or [rarely] coins were paid as taxes for protection.
Common Land
This was the Church’s name for opponents of Catholic beliefs.
Heretics
This was the Christian crusade and conquest of the Iberian Peninsula that took place from roughly 1123-1492 CE.
Reconquista