Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
What two inventions made it possible for scientists to practice direct observation?
Telescope and Microscope
Which mathematician discovered mountains on earths’ moon, four moons revolving around Jupiter, and sunspots?
Galileo
Who paid the majority of taxes in France under the estates system?
3rd estate
a sudden, violent, and unlawful seizure of power from a government.
coup d’état
How were most people put to death during the Reign of Terror?
Guillotine
The belief that the earth is at the center of the Universe.
Geocentric
English writer and passionate advocate of educational and social equality for women.
Mary Wollstonecraft
The third estate was locked out of their meeting and broke down a door to a tennis court and vowed to stay until they had a new constitution.
Tennis Court Oath
members of the middle class in France
Bourgeoise
How did Napoleon's civil code treat women compared to men?
as less equal than men.
idea that the state should not interfere with the economy (French word)
Laissez-faire
English philosopher whose political thought was grounded in the notion of a social contract between citizens and the importance of toleration, especially in matters of religion.
John Locke
Gave power to the majority group in France, instead of the nobility and members of the Church.
National Assembly
a sense of unique identity of a people based on a common language, religion, and national symbols.
Nationalism
Promotion within Napoleon’s new bureaucracy was
based on ability only, not rank or birth.
English philosopher best known for his masterpiece “Leviathan.” He viewed government primarily as a device for ensuring collective security.
Thomas Hobbes
Swiss born philosopher whose writings inspired the leaders of the French Revolution.
Jacques Rousseau
Citizens stormed this prison that served as a stockpile of weapons. This became a great symbolic act of the French Revolution.
Storming the Bastille
a period of the French Revolution, from about March, 1793, to July, 1794, during which many persons were ruthlessly executed by the ruling faction.
Reign of Terror
Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins are best known for
instituting the Reign of Terror
According to the "Wealth of Nations" what are the three functions of government?
To protect societies from invasion
To defend citizens from injustice
To perform public works
Describe the people that made up the three estates system in French prior to the French Revolution.
1st Estate- Clergy Church officials
2nd Estate- nobility
3rd estate- peasants
Name two things that happened during the Reign of Terror.
Calendar was divided into 12 months of 30 days with no Sundays.
Thousands of people were sent to death on the flimsiest of charges.
Document that outlined the ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity (brotherhood).
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Where was Napoleon born, what was he doing during the French Revolution, and what did he do when fighting in Egypt?
Born in Corsica.
During the French Revolution, he was serving in the French Military.
Napoleon sensing certain defeat in Egypt, abandoned his army and returned to Paris.