The Byzantine Empire
What was the Hagia Sophia?
A massive Christian Church that showed the Byzantine Empire's dedication to God
Largest Empire in history
The Mongols
First Holy Roman Emperor, brought about an intellectual revival by sponsorship of schools
Charlemagne
Name the two churches that resulted from the Great Schism
Roman Catholic Church & Greek Orthodox Church
What does excommunication mean?
To be banned from the Church and therefore salvation
Justinian's Code
Name THREE advantages the Mongols had that contributed to their success
nomadic lifestyle, horses, advanced weapons, strong leadership, centralized military structure
Describe the levels of the feudal system from bottom to top
peasants, knights, lords, king
How much of the population of Medieval Europe was killed by the plague?
1/3- 1/2
Kiev
Name two reasons for the fall of the Byzantine Empire.
Plague, less centralized leadership, movement away from cities, loss of land to others, conquered by foreigners (Ottomans)
Major trade route, Mongols became rich controlling it and therefore trade throughout Europe & Asia
The Silk Road
What are the feudal terms for 1) land and 2) someone who owes someone loyalty
1) fief 2) vassal
Name TWO disagreements of the Great Schism
He sought out a new religion for his people and chose Greek Orthodox like the Byzantine Empire
Prince Vladimir
Person responsible for giving women property ownership rights, divorce rights, and enforcing the death penalty for rapists
Theodora
What contributed to the Mongols conquering the Russians?
Failure of regional princes to unify when facing the Mongol threat
Name TWO reasons people moved into towns in Medieval Europe
population growth, for trading purposes, increase in regional fairs
Muslim group who conquered the Byzantine Empire, changed the name of Constantinople to Istanbul
The Ottoman Turks
What emperor was first to use the title of Czar and wanted to create the "Third Rome" in Russia?
Ivan III
What was beneficial about Constantinople's location?
Prime location between Europe & Asia, good for trade
How was the Mongols rule in China different from other areas they conquered?
Assimilated with Chinese culture, adopted many traditions and customs such as Buddhism & Confucianism
Why did the Church give kings the title of Holy Roman Emperor?
To show the authority of the Church and the unity of Western Europe under Christianity
Why was trade (& traveling) limited in Medieval Europe?
Roman roads in disrepair, invasions by other Germanic peoples, many small kingdoms with weak leaders could not protect routes
What does the term lay investiture refer to? Why did the Pope ban it?
It means when a king would appoint his allies to positions in the Church. The pope banned this practice to assert his own authority.