Industrialization & Urbanization
What is industrialization?
The switch from hand-making goods to using machines in factories.
What does M.A.I.N. stand for?
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.
Why did Japan overthrow the Tokugawa Shogunate?
To modernize and avoid being taken over by other nations.
What is imperialism?
When strong countries take over weaker ones.
What was Wilson’s 14th Point?
Creating the League of Nations.
Why did England industrialize first?
It had coal, rivers, workers, and money.
What was the spark that started WWI?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
What was one reform during the Meiji Restoration?
New schools, military, or factories.
Why did England trade opium with China?
China wouldn’t buy other goods, so England used opium.
Why did Russia leave WWI?
A revolution caused them to withdraw.
What was city life like during early industrialization?
Crowded, dirty, and unsafe with many people in small apartments.
What was the Schlieffen Plan?
Germany’s plan to quickly defeat France by invading through Belgium.
What happened in the Opium Wars?
China tried to stop opium trade, lost to Britain, and lost trade control.
What happened in the Boxer Rebellion?
Chinese rebels attacked foreigners, but were defeated by foreign armies.
What was the War Guilt Clause?
Germany had to take full blame for WWI.
How did the steam engine help industrialization?
It powered machines, making production faster and cheaper.
Name one reason the U.S. entered WWI.
Submarine attacks or the Zimmerman Telegram.
What was the outcome of the Taiping Rebellion?
Millions died, and the Qing dynasty remained in power
What was the Berlin Conference?
European nations divided Africa without involving Africans.
What major empires fell after WWI?
Ottoman, Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian.
What was the connection between railroads, coal, and steel?
Railroads needed steel and coal, and coal powered steel factories.
What was trench warfare like?
Dirty, muddy, slow-moving, and deadly.
What was the result of the Russo-Japanese War?
Japan won, showing an Asian nation could defeat a European one.
Name two reasons people resisted imperialism.
Disrespect for culture, economic exploitation, or forced trade (e.g., Opium Wars).
What is the Mandate System?
Britain and France controlled former Ottoman lands.