Early Settlements
Most well known for its formidable walls, this place is considered to be the first city, with origins from 11,600-10,500BC
Jericho
The first animal domesticated around 10,000 YA, likely because of the textile materials it could provide, this creature looks much different than its ancestors would have due to years of human intervention
Sheep
A power structure, ranking some distinctly above others, which is seen as a repercussion of food production and the development of
Hierarchy
Occurring from around 12,900 YA to 11, 500 YA, this cold snap caused a drier period in the Fertile Crescent, heavily impacting the Natufians
The Younger Dryas
Located in modern-day Turkey, this settlement features mud brick architecture and artwork predominantly featuring cattle
Çatalhöyük
The massive ancestors of cows, first domesticated in Anatolia, these ancestors could be up to 2 meters tall
Aurochs
These artificial mounds/hills represent strata of people living in one place for thousands of years. Anthropologists have used these to learn more about the change of civilizations over time based on how far down particular artifacts are
Tells
Beginning around 12000 YA in the Fertile Crescent, this process took place over a few thousand years, and changed the way humans would live forever
Neolithic Revolution/First Agricultural Revolution
Located in modern-day Syria, along the Euphrates, this tell has artifacts that are believed to demonstrate the change from sedentary foraging to a reliance on agriculture
Abu Hereya
Seasonal Movement of livestock to various grazing fields
Transhumance
While being one of the original criteria for a civilization, evidence of such is lacking in certain groups who are still considered civilizations, such as the Harappans and the Minoans
Standing Army
Located in Turkey, dating back to around 11,500YA, this temple is believed to be built by hunters and gatherers, predating other notable sites like Stonehenge and the Great Pyramids
Göbekli Tepe