Hinduism
What is the belief that a person's actions in one life determine their circumstances in the next life called?
Karma
What are the four fundamental teachings of Buddhism called?
The 4 Noble Truths
Who is considered the founder of Judaism?
Abraham
Who is the central figure of Christianity, believed to be the Son of God and savior of humanity?
Jesus Christ
What is the holy book of Islam, believed to be the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad?
The Qu'ran
In Hinduism, the ultimate goal of life—to be released from the cycle of reincarnation
Moksha
In Buddhism, the state of peace and freedom from suffering is known as
Nirvana
What term describes the dietary laws followed by many practicing Jews?
Kosher
In Catholicism and main branch Christianity, what are the sacred rituals believed to impart divine grace called?
Sacraments
Who is the founder of Islam and is considered the final prophet?
Muhammad
Name the essential self or soul of an individual in Hindu belief.
Atman
What is the sacred collection of Buddhist teachings and scriptures called?
Sutras
What is a Jewish place of worship called?
Synagogue
What is the branch of Christianity led by the Pope and based in Vatican City?
Roman Catholic Church // Catholicism
What are the five basic acts of worship that form the foundation of a Muslim's faith and practice called?
The 5 Pillars
Identify the chief god in Hindu theology, often depicted as the creator.
Brahma
Both Hinduism and Buddhism share a belief in this idea, which states that actions have consequences that affect future lives.
Karma
The historical dispersal of Jewish people outside their homeland to many parts of the world is called what?
Diaspora
Name the branch of Christianity that emerged during the Reformation and challenged certain Roman Catholic practices.
Protestantism
The largest branch of Islam, whose followers believe in following the traditions of Muhammad and recognize the first four caliphs as his rightful successors, is called what?
Sunni
Explain the relationship between dharma and karma in the Hindu caste system. How does fulfilling one’s dharma influence future rebirths?
Fulfilling Dharma is more important than fulfilling Karma. It is better to fulfill your role (even poorly) than to worry about Karma
Describe the Eightfold Path and explain how it serves as the "cure" to the suffering identified in the Four Noble Truths.
The Eightfold Path is a set of guidelines for living ethically and mentally. Practicing it leads to Nirvana, which ends the cycle of suffering described in the Four Noble Truths.
How did the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem contribute to the development of the Jewish Diaspora and the focus on Torah/rabbis rather than the Temple?
The destruction of the Temple and forced displacement meant Jews could no longer centralize worship in Jerusalem. This led to the spread of Jewish communities (Diaspora) and a shift toward Torah study and rabbinic leadership to maintain faith and identity.
What was the main theological complaint of Martin Luther and other Protestants during the Reformation against the Roman Catholic Church?
They protested the sale of indulgences and argued that salvation comes through faith alone and scripture alone, not through the Church’s authority or ritualistic practices.
What is the primary historical and theological difference between the Sunni and Shia branches of Islam regarding leadership after Muhammad’s death?
Sunnis believe leadership should be determined by community consensus. Shias believe leadership should stay within Muhammad’s family.