Causes of WW1
What were the 5 causes of WW1?
Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination
What is propaganda?
spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The Treaty of Versailles articulated the compromises reached at the Paris Peace Conference
What caused Bloody Sunday and what were its effects?
Because conditions in the factories were extremely harsh and little concern was shown for the workers' health and safety the workers decided to march to to the Winter Palace and protest.
Over 100 workers were killed and some 300 wounded.
What is totalitarianism?
a system of government in which one party tries to rule with complete control over every aspect of the lives of its citizens
This sparked the beginning of WW1
assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.
What is total warfare?
The channeling of a nation’s entire resources into a war effort
What was the purpose of the League of Nations and who did not join the league?
It served both as an international forum and an international collective security arrangement to prevent future wars.
The United States did not join the league.
Name at least 3 causes of the Russian Revolution:
the government (Czar) was corrupt and ineffective
there was widespread poverty in the country
there was a scarcity of food
Russians suffered massive losses in World War I.
Who took over after the death of Vladimir Lenin?
Joseph Stalin
What were the two alliances before WW1 and which countries did they consist of?
Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, Russia) and Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy)
What was trench warfare? Name 1 effect of trench warfare:
Warring armies burrowed into a vast system of trenches in the ground
Effect: trench foot and/or “Over the top” orders were given and soldiers would leave their trenches and rush toward enemy lines
Explain two reasons that the League of Nations was unsuccessful:
The League lacked an armed force of its own
No one was overseeing the league, it depended on the member nations to keep their word to follow through on resolutions
Who took over the provisional Russian government after the fall of Czar Nicholas?
Led by a man named Vladimir Lenin, a group of Communists named the Bolsheviks took control of the Russian government
What did Stalin replace Lenin's New Economic Policy with?
A Command Economy - Five Year Plans
What were the two alliances during World War 1 and which countries did they consist of?
Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, Russia) and Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Empire)
Name at least 3 new types of technology during World War that made the war very devastating:
–Poison gas–The Airplane–Machine Gun–Submarines–Zeppelins–Tanks
Name at least three ways the Treaty of Versailles effected Germany?
The German military forces were demobilized and reduced
Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage of WW1
Germany had to pay reparations for the losses of the war
Germany had to give up land
How did Lenin and Bolsheviks gain support amongst peasants, workers, and soldiers?
By promising peace, land and bread.
What was the positive effects of the Five Year Plans?
The Five Year plans were successful in increasing the industrial output of the Soviet Union. The country became a world leader in industrial goods
Why was the Balkan region referred to as the "Powder Keg of Europe" before to World War I?
Nationalistic and imperialistic rivalries were increasing and any regional conflict had the potential to turn into a general European war
What was the purpose of the Paris Peace Conference and who were the big four?
establish the terms of the peace after World War I
the representatives of the United Kingdom, France, the United States, and Italy became known as the “Big Four”
What were 2 things that led the people of countries like Italy, Russia and Germany to support Fascism, Communism, and Nazism?
The Great Depression
Hopeless conditions made it easy for dictators to gain power. These dictators also used nationalism to gain support from people looking for some hope.
What was the New Economic Plan?
Name at least two effects of the plan:
An attempt to rebuild industry and, especially, agriculture.
The New Economic Policy included the return of most agriculture, retail trade, and small-scale light industry to private ownership and management while the state retained control of heavy industry, transport, banking, and foreign trade.
The peasantry were allowed to own and cultivate their own land, while paying taxes to the state.
What were two negative effects of the Five Year Plans?
forced collectivization
major famines