Austro-Hungarian noble Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by the Black Hand.
100
Who was the German leader and the US President during WWI?
Kaiser Wilhelm II and Woodrow Wilson.
100
This was part of President Woodrow Wilson's 14 points; it was a treaty that would be an international association whose goal would be to keep peace among nations. The US did not end up ratifying this treaty.
What is the League of Nations?
100
A corrupt, self-described "holy man" who wielded significant power in Russia while the Czar was on the front.
Who was Rasputin?
100
This 1905 war highlighted the fact that Russia had not been industrializing enough to keep up with other world powers and bruised the Russian ego.
What is the Russo-Japanese War?
200
Why didn't the US join the League of Nations?
American Congress was afraid this would just entangle the US in foreign engagements.
200
Why was 1917 both a good year and a bad year for the Allied powers?
US entered the war on the side of the allies in early 1917.
Russia signed a separate agreement with Germany to end its war in 1917.
200
The Bolshevik Party renamed themselves this in the 1920s.
What is the Communist Party?
200
The working class in pre-Revolution Russia
Who are the Proletariat?
200
This group made up a significant portion of the Russian population and grew increasingly frustrated with the tzar and their own powerless state.
Who are the landless peasants?
300
What advantage did Britain have in the war with respect to its empire?
Its colonies, particularly India, contributed to the war effort on behalf of Great Britain in hopes of gaining independence after the war.
300
What two major events contributed to the US joining WWI on the side of the Allied Powers?
1 - Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare (sinking of the Lusitania and US ships)
2 - Zimmerman Telegraph - Germany tried to get Mexico to fight on the side of the Central Powers and start a war with the US
300
In 1922, Russia became this in honor of the councils that helped launch the Bolshevik Revolution.
What is the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)?
300
Who were the more moderate and the more radical socialist revolutionaries in Russia?
Mensheviks = moderate
Bolsheviks = radical
300
The incompetence of this leader eventually led to the February/March revolution.
Who is Tsar Nicholas II
400
Name four relatively new weapons that were used in World War I. And, what type of warfare was predominant on the Western Front?
1 - Poison Gas; 2 - Machine Guns; 3 - Tank; 4 - Submarine; Trench warfare was predominant on the Western Front.
400
What countries made up the Central Powers? What countries made up the Allied Powers?
CP: Germany, Autria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
AP: Great Britain (and colonies), France, Russia, Japan, Serbia, Italy, US
400
What are reparations and how do they relate to World War I?
Reparations is payment for harm caused. Germany had to pay $33billion in reparations over a 30 year period to the Allies.
400
What sides fought in the Russian civil war and who won?
Reds (Bolsheviks) led by Leon Trotsky on behalf of Lenin fought from 1918 to 1920 and won against the Whites (everyone else including pro-Czarists and westerners). The Whites were too disorganized.
400
What was Lenin's famous slogan and what does it mean?
"Peace, Land, Bread"? Peace meant that the people wanted to end their involvement in WWI. Land meant the lower classes (peasants) wanted land distributed more fairly. Bread meant that the people didn't want to face starvation and that governance had to change so that the people were taken care of.
500
List at least four factors that contributed to the start of World War I.
1 -Alliances that divided Europe into competing camps;
2- Nationalistic feelings (Ex: Empire-building, Serbia);
3- Diplomatic failures (Ex: diplomacy failed, ultimatums poor effort at avoiding war)
4 - Imperialism (competition over resources & markets; desire for more colonies--or to take others' colonies)
5 - Militarism (arms races lead to tense atmosphere)
500
Name three major outcomes of WWI.
1- Colonies participated in war and they would increase their demands for independence
2 - End of Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, German and Russian empires
3 - Enormous cost in lives, property, social destruction
4 - Building resentment on part of Germans
5 - US emerges as major world power
500
Why was the Treaty of Versaille said to be "a peace built on quicksand"?
The US did not ratify the treaty. Germany was left with all the blame for the war (war guilt clause) which left bitterness and hatred in Germans. Africa & Asia felt cheated b/c people in the mandated territories wanted independence. Colonies under French & British also did not gain independence. Japan and Italy were bitter that they did not get more territory.
500
What was Lenin's New Economic Policy and what did it accomplish?
1921, Lenin put aside plans for a state-controlled economy in order to help get Russia back on track. He allowed small-scale capitalism with the NEP. Peasants could sell surplusses, some small scale private ownership allowed. Country slowly recovered and by 1928 productivity back to pre-WWI levels.
500
The Provisional Government made this huge mistake after they took over power when the Tzar abdicated the throne.