Vocabulary
War at Home
War in the Trenches
Red Scare/Strikes
Potpourri
100
The spreading of ideas about an institution or an individual for the purpose of influencing opinion.
What is propaganda?
100
Created by Congress and run by Bernard Baruch,this organization coordinated production of war materials. It also told manufacturers what to produce, ordered the construction of new factories and set prices and wages.
What is the War Industries Board?
100
The space between opposing trenches characterized by a rough, barren landscape and pockmarked with craters from artillery fire.
What is no man's land?
100
An extreme attitude of aggressive Nationalism.
What is jingoism?
100
What two means of transportation made Chicago a transportation hub?
What are rail/train and shipping?
200
Payments by the losing country in a war to the winner for the damages caused by the war.
What are reparations?
200
The Food Administration, headed by Herbert Hoover, encouraged citizens to plant these in an effort to leave more food for the troops.
What are victory gardens?
200
Germans first used this type of warfare to break through the stalemates of trench warfare. It caused vomiting, blindness, and suffocation.
What is poison gas warfare?
200
A flamboyant mix of cowboys, miners and law officers whose goal was to attack Santiago Harbor in Cuba. The goal was to drive the Spanish fleet out of the harbor to face American warships upon their way out.
Who are the Rough Riders?
200
Name two ways newspapers like the New York World try to attract readers.
What are: 1)Newspaper attracted readers with news of crime, sports and gossip. 2)Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World was the “people’s paper” because it was cheap and it had a lot of gimmicks to keep reader’s addicted. He even sent Nellie Bly, a reporter around on a race around the world and asked his readers to guess when she’d return.
300
A system in which merchant ships travel with naval vessels for protection.
What is the convoy system?
300
To fund the war effort, Congress raised income taxes, placed taxes on corporate profits, and the government sold these, which essentially loaned the U.S. government money from the American citizens. The government agreed to pay the money back to those who lent it at a future date plus interest.
What are Liberty/Victory bonds?
300
A medical condition peculiar to trench life. It was a fungal infection caused by cold, wet and unsanitary trench conditions. It could turn gangrenous and result in amputation.
Who is trench foot?
300
According to Theodore Roosevelt, this President had "no more backbone than a chocolate eclair" because said President was reluctant to declare war on Spain until he received more evidence on their involvement in the sinking of the Maine.
Who is President McKinley?
300
He urged schools to move away from rote learning in favor of education that was tailored to fit the needs of the students.
Who is John Dewey?
400
A temporary agreement to stop fighting.
What is an armistice?
400
He ran the Fuel Administration which managed the nation's use of coal and oil during the war. To conserve energy, he introduced daylight savings time and shortened workweeks for factories that did not make war materials.
Who is Harry Garfield?
400
These vermin were a major problem in the trenches. They spread infection, gorged themselves on human remains (grotesquely disfiguring them by eating their eyes and liver) and could grow to the size of a cat. Men, exasperated and afraid of these vermin (which would even scamper across their faces in the dark), would attempt to rid the trenches of them by various methods: gunfire, with the bayonet, and even by clubbing them to death. It was futile however: a single rat couple could produce up to 900 offspring in a year, spreading infection and contaminating food.
What are rats?
400
Name 3 terms of the Platt Amendment.
What are: 1)Cuba could not make any treaty with another nation that would weaken its independence or allow another forign power to gain territory in Cuba. 2)Cuba had to allow the U.S. to buy or lease naval stations in Cuba. 3)Cuba's debts had to remain low to prevent foreign countries from landing and demanding payment. 4)The U.S. had the right to intervene to protect Cuban independence.
400
Was the first to use steel as the skeleton for tall buildings in the United States. With the perfection of the Bessemer process, steel was now cheaper and used in more buildings.
Who is Louis Sullivan?
500
Type of warfare in which an armed band carries out surprise attacks and sabotage rather than open warfare.
What is guerrilla warfare?
500
This Committee had the task of “selling” the war to the American people. The head of this committee was journalist George Creel, who recruited advertising executives, commercial artists. authors, songwriters, entertainers, public speakers, and motion picture companies to sway public opinion in favor of the war.
What was the Committee on Public Information?
500
These pests were a never-ending problem, breeding in the seams of filthy clothing and causing men to itch unceasingly. They caused Trench Fever, a particularly painful disease that began suddenly with severe pain followed by high fever. Recovery - away from the trenches - took up to twelve weeks. Even when clothing was periodically washed and deloused, their eggs invariably remained hidden in the seams; within a few hours of the clothes being re-worn the body heat generated would cause the eggs to hatch.
What are lice?
500
Name 3 things that led to the Spanish American War.
What are: 1) Yellow Journalism 2) Sinking of the Maine 3) American Interests in Cuba 4) Spanish Ambassador's letter 5) Extreme Nationalism (Jingoism)
500
Name 2 ways that department store owners like Woolworth changed the practices of stores from earlier eras.
What are: 1) Sold in greater volume and lower prices 2) They offered credit, free delivery, and a set price(no haggling) 3) Woolworth’s priced most of their goods at a dime or under. 4) The low prices tempted customers to buy items they did not need. They gambled that they’d make up their $$$$ in quantity what they lost in higher prices of other stores. It worked. Woolworth’s clerks were so busy taking cash they barely had time to stock the shelves! 5) Expensive items were also brought out to the floor to entice customers of all income brackets.
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