World War 1 - 1
(Feb 21 – Dec 18, 1916) was a 10-month, bloodiest battle of attrition on the Western Front. In this battle, Germany, under Erich von Falkenhayn, aimed to "bleed France white," but the high cost of casualties was nearly equal on both sides. This was the longest battle in history resulting in an allied victory and 700,000 casualties.
Battle of Verdun
Compare the Eastern Front to the Western Front in WWI
The Western Front (1914–1918) was characterized by a 400-mile, static line of trenches, stalemate, and high-attrition, machine-gun-driven warfare in France/Belgium.
In contrast, the much larger Eastern Front (1914–1917) was a fluid, 1,000-mile, mobile war involving sweeping maneuvers, large-scale encirclements, and massive territorial gains, ultimately ending when Russia withdrew in 1917.
When countries increase their military to gain an advantage over other countries.
Arms Race
New fighting tactic to try to not lose ground. Increases casualty numbers.
Trench Warfare
a major World War I military operation in the Ottoman Empire (modern-day Turkey). Launched by the Allied powers—primarily Britain and France—this campaign aimed to force the Dardanelles straits, capture Constantinople (Istanbul), and establish a supply route to Russia via the Black Sea. This battle was a failure by the Allies after they faced stiff resistance by the Turks.
Gallipoli Campaign
An international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations that failed.
League of Nations
US President that kept them out of the war but eventually led the US through WWI.
Woodrow Wilson
Germans stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne who was shot dead by Gavrilo Princip
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Name two ways the Treaty of Versailles impacted Germany
1. Blamed Germany for World War 1
2. Had them pay reparations to the Allied Powers ($$)
What was the name of the British Passenger ship that was sunk by Germany resulting in the death of nearly 1,200 people (128 Americans)?
Lusitania
At the beginning of the war, which side did America join? (1914)
Neutral (neither side).. Isolationist: Wanted to stay out of European Affairs.
This location was nicknamed the “Powder Keg of Europe.”
Balkan Peninsula
This principle in Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points argued that ethnic groups and nations should have the right to choose their own government and political future.
Self-Determination
This was the German plan to end the war quickly where they invade West towards France then turn focus on Russia in the East.
Schlieffen Plan
The________________(August 26–30, 1914) was a decisive German victory on the Eastern Front, where the German 8th Army nearly annihilated the Russian 2nd Army, killing or capturing over 120,000 soldiers. It halted the Russian invasion of East Prussia, boosting German morale and elevating Generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff to national heroes
This disease killed over 50 million people in a pandemic at the end of the war.
Spanish flu
What communication from Germany to Mexico led to America joining the war
Zimmerman Telegram
The ____________(July–November 1916) was a crucial World War I battle that served as a major turning point in shifting tactics from rigid trench warfare to, eventually, combined arms, while significantly depleting German manpower. It aimed to relieve pressure on the French at Verdun and forced a German strategic retreat, though it resulted in over 1 million total casualties, including a devastating 57,470 for the British on the first day alone. Firt battle tanks were also used.
Battle of Somme
True or False: The United States joined the League of Nations.
False- Driven by isolationist sentiment, the Senate feared that Article X, requiring collective defense, would force the U.S. into foreign conflicts without Congressional approval. Preference for isolationism.
Identify the 4 M.A.I.N. causes of World War I.
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
List the Central Powers
Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers
Russia, GB, France, Italy, US (at the end)
What was the name of the group that Gavrilo Princip was a part of?
The Black Hand
Big 4: GB, Fr, US, Italy: meet in France to create a peace treaty to end the war. What was the name of the peace treaty?
Versaille Treaty