Vocabulary
Central Idea
World Wonders
World Wonders
Text Evidence
100
Define foundation as it is used in this sentence: “Nath believes that the river water is essential to maintaining the monument’s massive foundation, which is built on a complex system of wells, arches- and, according to Nath- spoked wheels made of sal wood.” (RI6.4)
a. A charity where people donate money for a cause b. A place where flowers grow c. Bottom portion of the building that gives it support d. The facade of a building
100
What is the central idea of the subheading “Mysterious Moai”? (RI6.2) MYSTERIOUS MOAI This South Pacific island is dotted with hundreds of giant statues, called Moai. Long ago, each statue was carved from blocks of the same igneous, or volcanic, rock that produced the island. Many of the statues are partially buried under shifting soil, so only their heads are visible. “Most people don’t realize that the heads have torsos hidden underneath the ground,” says Robert J. Koestler, director of the Smithsonian’s Museum Conservation Institute. Being covered actually helps protect the statues, he adds. After thousands of years of rain and sea spray pelting the soft igneous stone, weathering has washed away many of the heads’ facial features. Plants, bacteria, and fungi growing in cracks in the moist stone also break down the statues. One of the best-preserved Moai is on exhibit in the British Museum in London –Far from Easter Island’s environment.
a. The Moai on Easter Island are being weathered, because of rain and sea spray pelting the stone and plants, bacteria, and fungi growing in the cracks of the stone. b. The South Pacific Island is dotted with hundreds of giant statues, called Moai. c. The Moai on Easter Island were sculpted from igneous rock. d. The Moai are wondrous statues that are in the British Museum in London.
100
What river is the Taj Mahal located on?
a. Yellow River b. Amazon River c. Nile River d. Yamuna River
100
Which is the most visited monument in the world?
a. Taj Mahal b. Eiffel Tower c. Statue of Liberty d. Pyramid of Giza
100
What evidence does not support the idea that the pyramids are an important structure worthy of preservation? (RI6.1 & 6.3) a. “The blocks they used to build the pyramids were cut out of limestone.” b. “Ancient Egyptians built their tombs to honor their pharaohs” c. “Archaeologists have learned much about ancient Egyptian culture by examining the pyramids.” d. “These colossal pyramids have stood in the desert outside of Cairo, Egypt, for more than 4,000 years.
a. “The blocks they used to build the pyramids were cut out of limestone.” b. “Ancient Egyptians built their tombs to honor their pharaohs” c. “Archaeologists have learned much about ancient Egyptian culture by examining the pyramids.” d. “These colossal pyramids have stood in the desert outside of Cairo, Egypt, for more than 4,000 years.
200
Based on the following sentence what is the meaning of the word corrosion: “Oxygen from the air and rainwater can cause iron to rust. To prevent this type of corrosion, high-climbing workers repaint the tower every seven years.” (RI6.4)
a. A large stone building where bodies are kept. b. The breaking down of a metal due to a chemical reaction with the environment. c. Things that allow electrical currents. d. Very big; huge.
200
How does Cody Crane, the author of the passage, support the central idea of “Symbol of Freedom”? (RI6.2) SYMBOL OF FREEDOM Given as a gift from France to the U.S. in 1886, the Statue of Liberty stands on an island in New York Harbor. “It’s the first thing many immigrants saw when they arrived in America and (is) a symbol of freedom,” says Pamela Jerome, a professor of historic preservation at Columbia University in New York. The thin copper layer covering the statue was once the color of a penny. This layer is now blue-green--the result of the metal reacting with water and air to create copper carbonate. This naturally occurring coating protects the remaining copper underneath. Water also corroded much of the statue’s original iron skeleton. To ensure Lady Liberty’s safety, beginning in 1984, iron pieces were replaced with the alloy stainless steel—a durable mixture of iron, carbon, and other metals.
a.Crane shows how the Statue of Liberty was given to the United States as a gift from France. b. Crane explains why the Statue of Liberty symbolizes freedom. c. Crane discusses the ways people are trying to fix the Statue of Liberty and ensure its safety. d. Crane shows how the Statue of Liberty is changing color which is ruining the copper underneath.
200
27. Who built the Taj Mahal?
a. M.C. Mehta b. Shah Jehan c. Rick Riordan d. Percy Jackson
200
What is causing the Lost City of Petra to deteriorate?
a. weathering b. corrosion c. erosion d. earthquakes
200
Based on the excerpt below, Koestler says weathering has washed away many of the Moai heads’ facial features: “Being covered actually helps protect the statues, he adds. After thousands of years of rain and sea spray pelting the soft igneous stone, weathering has washed away many of the heads’ facial features. Plants, Bacteria, and fungi growing in cracks in the moist stone also break down the statues. One of the best-preserved Moai is on exhibit in the British Museum in London- far away from Easter Island’s harsh environment.” What solution does he provide to solve this problem? (R.I.6.3) a. To replace the stone with brick. b. To repaint them. c. To put a stop to tourism. d. To let the statues remain covered up by the soil.
a. To replace the stone with brick. b. To repaint them. c. To put a stop to tourism. d. To let the statues remain covered up by the soil.
300
On page, 103, paragraph 5, it says, “The pyramids once had smooth sides, but wind-blown sand has scoured away most of their outer shell.” Based on the context of the sentence, what does the word scoured mean? (RI6.4) a. removed by rubbing with a rough material b. washed away with water c. decorated the sides d. added a new layer
a. removed by rubbing with a rough material b. washed away with water c. decorated the sides d. added a new layer
300
Which statement best represents the central idea of the Taj Mahal article? (RI6.2) a. The Taj Mahal is an architectural wonder. b. The Taj Mahal has historical significance and therefore, is worthy of being preserved. c. The Taj Mahal has environmental damage that can be controlled by closing garbage dumps and reducing the amount of methane gas, which yellows the marble. d. The Taj Mahal is in a state of slow deterioration. Experts have many different ideas about what is causing the deterioration and how to preserve it for the future
a. The Taj Mahal is an architectural wonder. b. The Taj Mahal has historical significance and therefore, is worthy of being preserved. c. The Taj Mahal has environmental damage that can be controlled by closing garbage dumps and reducing the amount of methane gas, which yellows the marble. d. The Taj Mahal is in a state of slow deterioration. Experts have many different ideas about what is causing the deterioration and how to preserve it for the future
300
23. What year was the Statue of Liberty given to the U.S. as a gift and by whom?
a. 1850 and London b. 1990 and Japan c. 1886 and France d. 1885 and Egypt
300
Where are the Moai statues located?
a. Cairo, Egypt b. Petra, Jordan c. Easter Island, Chile d. Paris, France
300
What is the purpose of the opening paragraph of the article, World Wonders, Worn Down?’: “How do you decide what places to visit when you go on vacation? The ancient Greeks made a list. This ancient travel guide contained the must-see statues, monuments, and places near Greece. These sites came to be known as the Seven Wonders of the World. Since then, wars, accidents, fires, and earthquakes have taken their toll, leaving only one ancient wonder- the Pyramids of Giza- still standing.” (RI6.3 & 6.6) a. Grabs the reader’s interest. b. The author establishes the topic. c. Gives background information. d. All of the above.
a. Grabs the reader’s interest. b. The author establishes the topic. c. Gives background information. d. All of the above.
400
Based on the clues in the sentence below, what does the word preserve mean? “How can we preserve the statue if it is located outside and exposed to the weather each day?” (RI6.4)
a. to harm something b. to keep something protected c. to destroy something d. to replace with a new object
400
Read the following excerpt from The Taj Mahal passage: “There are many in Agra who believe that all the worries about the Taj are exaggerated—that far too much attention is paid to the monument at the expense of other priorities. They say the restrictions imposed upon the city’s several hundred brick kilns, iron foundries and glassworks to reduce air pollution have harmed the local economy. S.M. Khandelwal, a business leader in Agra who opposed Mehta’s legal campaign, has long argued that such businesses were responsible for only a tiny fraction of the fumes emitted in the city, and that the more significant polluters were vehicles and power generators. I was very angry that everyone was so concerned about the Taj Mahal and not about the livelihoods of the people of Agra, he says.” According to this paragraph, what do some people believe should be the bigger priority rather than saving the Taj Mahal? (RI6.1) a. The monument’s beauty b. Redirecting the Yamuna River c. The livelihood of the people of Agra d. Repainting and pitting of the marble of the structure
a. The monument’s beauty b. Redirecting the Yamuna River c. The livelihood of the people of Agra d. Repainting and pitting of the marble of the structure
400
Why did the Ancient Egyptians build the Pyramids?
a. to bury the dead of the everyday Egyptian people b. to compete with China c. to honor their Pharaohs
400
Where is Machu Picchu located?
a. Peru b. Jordan c. France d. Chile
400
In paragraph 18 on page 116, the author elaborates on the claim that, “some people believe the pollution from businesses is not a factor in the deterioration of the marble at the Taj Mahal”. Which detail does NOT support this claim? (RI6.3) a. “some international experts doubt that air pollution is the prime cause of the discoloring and pitting of the monument’s marble” b. “most of the problems with the marble are not from pollution, but from climatic conditions” c. “they say the restrictions imposed upon the city’s several hundred brick kilns, iron foundries and glassworks to reduce air pollution have harmed the local economy.” d. “some of the yellow marks on the monument are rust stains from iron fixtures that hold the marble slabs in place.”
a. “some international experts doubt that air pollution is the prime cause of the discoloring and pitting of the monument’s marble” b. “most of the problems with the marble are not from pollution, but from climatic conditions” c. “they say the restrictions imposed upon the city’s several hundred brick kilns, iron foundries and glassworks to reduce air pollution have harmed the local economy.” d. “some of the yellow marks on the monument are rust stains from iron fixtures that hold the marble slabs in place.”
500
The purpose of the selection, “City in the Clouds” was to CITY IN THE CLOUDS The ancient city of Machu Picchu sits atop a peak in Peru’s Andes Mountains. To create space to grow food, the Incas carved terraces into the steep slopes. These steps prevented erosion by stopping soil from washing down the mountainsides. But a different type of erosion now threatens the city: The pounding feet of tourists are damaging the city’s fragile stones. Thousands visit the city every day, says Michelle Berenfeld, a program manager for the World Monuments Fund (WMF). Among other things, the WMF develops plans to help tourists better navigate historical places. “Sites like Machu Picchu are the only things left to tell us about cultures that are now gone. But the more people know and appreciate a site, the more they will want to preserve it,” says Berenfeld. a. Explain how Peru is a country that is constantly changing with new cities being formed. b. Entertain the reader by telling a tale about a city called Machu Picchu from long ago. c. Inform people about how tourists are ruining the city of Machu Picchu so that more will want to preserve it. d. Explain how much we can learn by studying ancient cities like Machu Picchu.
a. Explain how Peru is a country that is constantly changing with new cities being formed. b. Entertain the reader by telling a tale about a city called Machu Picchu from long ago. c. Inform people about how tourists are ruining the city of Machu Picchu so that more will want to preserve it. d. Explain how much we can learn by studying ancient cities like Machu Picchu.
500
Why would one of the “best preserved Moai” be the one that is “on exhibit in the British Museum in London? (RI6.1) MYSTERIOUS MOAI This South Pacific island is dotted with hundreds of giant statues, called Moai. Long ago, each statue was carved from blocks of the same igneous, or volcanic, rock that produced the island. Many of the statues are partially buried under shifting soil, so only their heads are visible. “Most people don’t realize that the heads have torsos hidden underneath the ground,” says Robert J. Koestler, director of the Smithsonian’s Museum Conservation Institute. Being covered actually helps protect the statues, he adds. After thousands of years of rain and sea spray pelting the soft igneous stone, weathering has washed away many of the heads’ facial features. Plants, bacteria, and fungi growing in cracks in the moist stone also break down the statues. One of the best-preserved Moai is on exhibit in the British Museum in London –Far from Easter Island’s environment. a. because plants and bacteria are growing in its cracks. b. because it is in a museum, away from “Easter Island’s harsh environment.” c. because weathering has washed away many facial features. d. because the museum is in London.
a. because plants and bacteria are growing in its cracks. b. because it is in a museum, away from “Easter Island’s harsh environment.” c. because weathering has washed away many facial features. d. because the museum is in London.
500
All of the following have led to the deterioration of the Taj Mahal except:
a. pollution b. corrosion c. tourists d. rain
500
What continent is the Taj Mahal located on?
a. North America b. Australia c. Asia d. India
500
Read the following excerpt from The Taj Mahal passage: “The criticisms are a measure of how important the complex is to India and the world, as a symbol of historical and cultural glory, and as an architectural marvel. It was constructed of brick covered with marble and sandstone, with elaborate inlays of precious and semiprecious stones. The designers and builders, in their unerring sense of form and symmetry, infused the entire 42-acre complex of buildings, gates, walls and gardens with unearthly grace. It combines the great rationality of its design with an appeal to the senses, says Ebba Koch, author of The Complete Taj Mahal, a careful study of the monument published in 2006. It was created by fusing so many architectural traditions—Central Asian, Indian, Hindu and Islamic, Persian and European—it has universal appeal and can speak to the whole world.” A claim is an arguable statement or position. What claim about the Taj Mahal does Bartholet introduce in the paragraph above? (RI6.8)
a. The Taj Mahal has elaborate inlays of precious and semi-precious stones. b. The Taj Mahal is a symbol of historical and cultural glory, as well as an architectural wonder. c. The Taj Mahal is being polluted and the marble is deteriorating. d. The Taj Mahal was created by fusing so many traditions
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