Speech Structure
What should an introduction do first: grab attention, provide every piece of evidence, or say goodbye?
Grab the audience’s attention.
Which appeal targets the audience's emotions?
Pathos
What is the main purpose of a protest speech?
To persuade people that something is wrong and encourage change/action.
“The system is bad.”
A. “The system is bad.”
B. “This cruel and unfair system must change.”
B
“We deserve justice. We deserve freedom. We deserve better.”
Repetition
What part of the speech clearly tells the audience what is wrong or unfair?
The issue/problem.
Which appeal uses facts, evidence and logical reasoning?
Logos
Why does a speaker need to know their audience?
So they can choose language and arguments that will persuade them.
Add a personal pronoun to improve:
“People deserve equality.”
“We deserve equality.”
“How much longer will we allow this injustice to continue?”
Rhetorical question.
After explaining the issue, what should you use to prove your point?
Evidence/examples from the novel.
Which appeal makes the speaker appear trustworthy or credible?
Ethos
In the assessment, why must students speak in character?
The speech must represent the character's perspective, experiences, beliefs and opinions.
Turn this into a rhetorical question:
“The Filthies should not be treated this way.”
“How can we continue to treat the Filthies this way?”
“We must stand together. This cannot continue.”
High modality / modality.
What is a call to action?
Telling or encouraging the audience to do something about the issue.
“I have lived Below my entire life. I know what our people have endured.”
Which appeal is strongest?
Ethos
You're writing as Riff. Which opening sounds more appropriate?
A. “The social hierarchy demonstrates considerable inequality.”
B. “You have kept us Below long enough. We will not be silent anymore.”
B — it better reflects Riff's perspective and protest voice.
Add high modality to:
“Perhaps society could change.”
“Our society must change.”
“Cruel, heartless and unjust treatment has left innocent people suffering and terrified.”
Emotive language.
Put these in a logical order: call to action – opening – evidence – issue/problem – argument/explanation.
Opening → issue/problem → argument/explanation → evidence → call to action.
“Families live Below without freedom while privileged people above benefit from their suffering. How can we call this fair?”
Which TWO appeals could be operating?
Logos + Pathos.
What THREE things should you ask yourself when trying to stay in character?
Turn this weak ending into a strong call to action:
“That is why inequality is a problem.”
“Stand with me. Speak against this injustice. Together, we must create a fairer Worldshaker.”
“We have been treated like machines, expected to work without question.”
Simile/imagery.