Fixing Left to Right
And Right what's Left
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
Fun time with Fontan
And that's a (Spotify) Wrap!
100
If a ventricular septal defect (VSD) is not surgically fixed, patients may experience a right-to-left shunt otherwise known as this condition
What is Eisenmenger Syndrome?
*Left-to-right shunts are acyanotic, but if it becomes right-to-left it will be cyanotic (blue skin)
100
The arterial switch procedure simply switches these two blood vessels to connect the formerly two parallel cardiac circuits
What are the aorta and pulmonary artery/trunk?
*Also do balloon atrial septostomy to balloon a hole between atria to better oxygenate blood before surgery
100
When correcting HLHS, the three surgical procedures will ultimately allow this chamber to pump blood out into systemic circulation
What is the right ventricle?
*Only one ventricle will pump blood to lungs AND system! Survival rate goes up to 70-80% compared to 20-25% after these operations
100
You should do a catheter to ensure the vascular resistance of this cardiac circuit is not too high, as it would contraindicate Fontan procedure
What is the pulmonary circuit?
*High pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is bad, since that means blood can't go to the lungs
100
Spotify Wrapped age says I'm this many years old, which happens to be the legal age to gamble at casinos
What is 21?
200
To open up a blockage from a semilunar valve, you can use this procedure which involves a balloon catheter
What is valvuloplasty?
*May need valvotomy and resection if blockage not related to valve
200
End-to-end anastomosis and patch aortoplasty are two methods to treat this critical congenital heart defect
What is coarctation of the aorta?
*End-to-end takes out the narrow end and stitches the wide parts, and patch aortoplasty puts a patch to widen the aorta
200
The Hemi Fontan procedure redirects the superior vena cava (SVC) from going to this region and instead to the right pulmonary artery
What is the right atrium?
*This allows direct flow of deoxygenated blood to the lungs!
200
By performing a Fontan procedure, blood flow is now moderated by this driving force
What is the pressure gradient?
*As opposed to ventricular pumping
200
The Torsade de Pointes-like waveform on the album cover includes the 17th most streamed Spotify song from this group
Who are Arctic Monkeys?
*AM was one of my top albums of the year, and I Wanna Be Yours has about 3.4 billion streams
300
Correction of this condition involves resolving the VSD, ASD while separating the common valve into a "mitral" and "tricuspid" one
What is (Complete common) AV canal?
*A synthetic polyester patch (Dacron patch) is often used for ASD/VSD like with our case for Houch
300
In Tetralogy of Fallot, ideal surgical correction involves patching the VSD and this chamber's outflow tract to increase oxygenated blood flow
What is the right ventricle?
*If not possible due to very small pulmonary arteries, use a Blalock-Taussig (B-T) shunt from aorta to the pulmonary artery for more blood flow
300
The ultimate goal of the Fontan procedure is to redirect blood from this blood vessel to the pulmonary arteries
What is the inferior vena cava?
*You can connect them directly or let it go through the RA and RV to go to the pulmonary arteries
300
Aside from hypoplastic or abnormal flow to the ventricles, this valvular congenital heart defect also indicates Fontan procedure
What is tricuspid atresia?
*The other abnormal flow conditions are unbalanced AV canal and double inlet (two entry) LV
300
This music genre includes groups like The Strokes, The Smiths, and Arctic Monkeys
What is Indie Rock?
*Never listened to The Smiths, but I know they're one of the top bands
400
Aside from ligating patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), you can perform a procedure with this item/type of catheter to be cost-efficient and less invasive
What is transcatheter coil occlusion/coiling?
*Generally best for smaller PDAs as a heads up
400
One other method to resolve coarctation of the aorta sacrifices this branch of the aorta to widen the narrow sector
What is the left subclavian artery (3rd branch)?
*While useful, you want to avoid sacrificing this if possible
400
To begin palliating HLHS, you perform this procedure where its purpose is to allow blood to pump out to the body and not just the lungs
What is the (Stage I) Norwood Procedure?
400
This Fontan version creates a baffle to relieve lung pressure while blood goes to that organ
What is lateral type Fontan?
400
This album is my from the group The Strokes
What is Is This It?
*Last Nite is one of my top songs from this album
500
If a child has not reached the age to surgically repair a VSD safely, they can temporarily get decongestive therapy or get this artery tightened
What is the pulmonary artery?
*Pulmonary artery banding will restrict flow long enough until surgical patching can be done safely
500
An anastomosis of the common pulmonary vein to the left atrium will correct this critical CHD
What is total anomalous pulmonary venous connection/return (TAPVC/R)?
*You can then disconnect the PDA that maintained blood flow to the LA
500
This procedure is similar to a Hemi Fontan by redirecting the (SVC), but the SVC is completely detached from the heart
What is the (bidirectional) Glenn procedure?
500
Despite trying to achieve this type of rhythm in the heart, a possible complication of Fontan procedures is an arrhythmia
What is sinus rhythm?
*Other complications include AV valve regurgitation, pump failure, and intestinal wall problems that decrease protein levels
500
Aside from The Strokes, the next highest artist is this Indie Rock group from Toronto with songs like From the Start and Mimi's Delivery Service
Who are Good Kid?
