Bias
"Loaded language" in a news piece most often aims to:
A. Explain statistical methods in detail
B. Provide the primary source for a claim
C. Encourage a reader to feel a certain way about a subject
D. Present balanced perspectives with equal evidence
C. Encourage a reader to feel a certain way about a subject
Which of these is correct?
A.. References — introduce the topic to the reader
B. Introduction — lists detailed statistical results and effect sizes
C. Headers — divide the essay into focused evidence sections (e.g., "Logical‑Mathematical Intelligence: Findings and Statistics")
D. Transition words — provide full reference details (authors, year, journal)
C. Headers — divide the essay into focused evidence sections (e.g., "Logical‑Mathematical Intelligence: Findings and Statistics")
Which of the following would be the weakest type of source?
A. A metaanalysis (a study of many studies)
B. An interview with an expert
C. A website that is from a multi-governmental organization
D. A single study with limited participants
D. A single study with limited participants
Understand) Why must a paraphrase still include a citation?
A. Because paraphrasing is the same as quoting and needs quotation marks
B. Because citations improve sentence variety
C. Because the original idea belongs to someone else and using it without credit is plagiarism
D. Because paraphrases are not allowed in research writing
C. Because the original idea belongs to someone else and using it without credit is plagiarism
Remember] Which source would generally be considered least credible for an academic research report?
A. A peer-reviewed journal article with author credentials
B. A government agency report with data and references
C. A personal blog post with no references or author info
D. A university press publication with citations
C. A personal blog post with no references or author info
which would be an example of loaded language?
A. The current aggressions perpetrated by the Zionist regime are both illegal and immoral.
B. The current war is causing devastation on all sides.
C. The protests continue, worldwide, against the war.
D. The Heroic Resistance has made great strides holding their territory and inflicting damage of attrition.
E. Both A and D
F. None
E. Both A and D
Which role do transition words like "In so far as," "as it relates to," and "with regard to" serve in this informational essay?
A. They provide quoted evidence from primary sources.
B. They organize the progression of supporting points and signal shifts between sections.
C. They provide context and limitation as to what the scope of the topic is.
D. They summarize the conclusion and implications.
C. They provide context and limitation as to what the scope of the topic is.
Considering the following entry in a bibliography. What would be a logical critique of this source?
Ragnhild Bang Nes. (2015, May). The Nature-Nurture Debate: New Evidence and Good News. ResearchGate; unknown. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242114674_The_ Nature-Nurture_Debate_New_Evidence_and_Good_News
A. Currency-the source is not considered valid as it is not current.
B. Reliability-the source is not considered reliable, there is no way to check the source for reliability.
C. Accuracy- the source has no information to check the accuracy of the facts
D. Authority- the source is not considered an authority on science topics.
A. Currency-the source is not considered valid as it is not current.
(Understand) Which statement best explains the difference between a bibliography and a works cited page?
A. A bibliography lists only books; a works cited lists only articles
B. A bibliography lists all sources consulted for research; a works cited lists sources directly cited in the paper
C. A bibliography uses MLA format; a works cited uses APA format
D. A bibliography is included only in science papers; a works cited is for English papers
B. A bibliography lists all sources consulted for research; a works cited lists sources directly cited in the paper
[Understand] How do research index cards help maintain academic integrity?
A. By providing space to copy full paragraphs from sources into the final draft
B. By recording source details and notes so the researcher can cite and avoid accidental plagiarism
C. By storing only URLs so detailed source info is forgotten
D. By replacing the need for a works-cited list
B. By recording source details and notes so the researcher can cite and avoid accidental plagiarism
You read two news accounts of the same protest. One repeatedly calls protesters "agitators" and the other calls them "demonstrators." To analyze bias, you should:
A. Accept "agitators" as factual because it sounds stronger
B. Ignore word choice; focus only on the number of participants reported
C. Note the differing connotations and check each article's sourcing and evidence
D. Conclude both articles are unbiased because they report the same event
C. Note the differing connotations and check each article's sourcing and evidence
Compare the introduction and the conclusion. Which structural feature most clearly shows how the author frames the essay's purpose and then reflects on it? A. Both use the exact same transition word at the start.
B. The introduction lists detailed effect sizes; the conclusion provides only headers.
C. The conclusion introduces new references not mentioned earlier.
D. The introduction presents context and the thesis; the conclusion synthesizes the evidence and notes limitations and implications.
D. The introduction presents context and the thesis; the conclusion synthesizes the evidence and notes limitations and implications.
Consider the following source:
McLeod, S. (2024, July 16). Nature vs. Nurture Debate in Psychology. Simply Psychology; Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/naturevsnurture.html
A. This is a blog entry
B. This is a study
C. This is a promotion article on a website
D. This is an article on a science website
D. This is an article on a science website
(Apply) You want to quote the line about twin studies from the extracted text: "identical twins are consistently more similar in personality, intelligence, and behavior than fraternal twins." Which is the correct way to integrate a short quotation into your sentence?
A. Research shows that "identical twins are consistently more similar in personality, intelligence, and behavior than fraternal twins." (McLeod)
B. Research shows that identical twins are consistently more similar in personality, intelligence, and behavior than fraternal twins.
C. Research shows identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins — end of story.
D. Research shows that identical twins are consistently more similar in personality; intelligence; and behavior than fraternal twins (quoted).
A. Research shows that "identical twins are consistently more similar in personality, intelligence, and behavior than fraternal twins." (McLeod)
apply) A final research report includes multiple well-cited sources, but the bibliography includes inconsistent formatting and missing publication dates. How should the student assess the overall quality and rectify the issue?
A. Consider the report reliable because ideas are cited; ignore bibliographic errors
B.Add more sources to distract from citation mistakes
C. Delete the bibliography to hide errors
D. Recognize that citation inconsistencies can undermine credibility; correct and standardize all reference entries according to the chosen citation style before submission
D. Recognize that citation inconsistencies can undermine credibility; correct and standardize all reference entries according to the chosen citation style before submission
Which pattern in an article suggests the author may be selectively omitting evidence?
A.The article mentions only sources that support the author's position and ignores contradicting studies
B. The article summarizes opposing views and explains why each may be weak
C. The article cites multiple independent studies with differing conclusions
D. The article includes a clear methods section describing source selection
A. The article mentions only sources that support the author's position and ignores contradicting studies
Which analysis is incorrect?
A. A thesis should be very broad and applicable to many ideas.
B. Evidence should be varied in type, but consistently reliable. Evidence should be clearly linked to the author's main points, and thoroughly explained as to how it relates to the main thesis.
C. Quotations are necessary along with in text citations to assure the reader that the evidence in the paper is real and verifiable.
D. A bibliography or works cited page is necessary so that the reader can do their due diligence and check the veracity of what the author wrote.
A. A thesis should be very broad and applicable to many ideas.
(Analyze) Which of the following best evaluates the reliability of the source titled "Science Direct. (n.d.). ScienceDirect.com | Science, Health and Medical journals..." based on the extracted text?
A. It is unreliable because it has no dates and no authors listed.
B. It is likely reliable because ScienceDirect is a database of peer-reviewed journals, but you should evaluate the specific article within the database.
C. It is the most authoritative single source and needs no further checking.
D. It must be excluded because corporate websites are always biased.
B. It is likely reliable because ScienceDirect is a database of peer-reviewed journals, but you should evaluate the specific article within the database.
(Apply) You have three sources: McLeod (web article, no author listed other than McLeod), Jensen (journal article with DOI), and ScienceDirect (corporate website). Which order is correct for an MLA works cited page (alphabetical by author/title)?
A. Jensen; McLeod; Science Direct
B. McLeod; Jensen; ScienceDirect
C. ScienceDirect; Jensen; McLeod
D. Jensen; ScienceDirect; McLeod
A. Jensen; McLeod; Science Direct
(Analyze) A student has three sources with slightly different claims about the causes of a historical event. What is the best analytical approach for their research report?
A. Choose the source that most closely matches their opinion and ignore the rest
B. Compare the evidence and claims across the three sources, note differences in perspective or methods, and synthesize a reasoned conclusion supported by the stronger evidence
C. List the three conflicting claims without evaluating them
D. Paraphrase each source's claim in one paragraph without citing who said what
B. Compare the evidence and claims across the three sources, note differences in perspective or methods, and synthesize a reasoned conclusion supported by the stronger evidence
Two op-eds present conflicting claims about a health intervention. One cites peer-reviewed studies; the other uses personal anecdotes. This contrast most likely indicates:
A. Both pieces are equally supported because they discuss the same topic
B. The piece with evidence is more likely to be valid and less biased than the anecdote-driven piece
C. Anecdotes are superior to studies for proving causation
D. Personal stories are always biased while studies are never biased
B. The piece with evidence is more likely to be valid and less biased than the anecdote-driven piece
A. Nanotechnology and biotechnology are fields of essential growth in the sciences, their applications are far reaching in modern job markets.
B. Long ago scientists believed that the Earth was the center of the universe
C. Astrophysics is an important field of study.
D. Students in Ismailia who take chemistry and receive an A+ are likely to earn a higher wage over the course of their lifetime than students who take biology and earn a C.
A. Nanotechnology and biotechnology are fields of essential growth in the sciences, their applications are far reaching in modern job markets.
What would be a logical analysis of the following source:
Jensen, P. (2025). From nature to nurture – how genes and environment interact to shape behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 285, 106582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106582
A. The source is not considered reliable as the information can not be verified.
B. The source is not considered reliable as it would not be considered an authority on the subject of science.
C. The source is relatively valid as it is current and science related, but the information is not enough to verify its accuracy.
D. The source is valid. It is current, reliable, an authority on the topic, and there is enough information to verify the information included.
D. The source is valid. It is current, reliable, an authority on the topic, and there is enough information to verify the information included.
(Analyze) Which listed item would typically appear first on an MLA works cited page?
A. Ragnhild Bang Nes. (2015). The Nature-Nurture Debate: New Evidence and Good News. ResearchGate.
B. Science Direct. (n.d.). ScienceDirect.com | Science, Health and Medical journals...
C. McLeod, S. (2024, July 16). Nature vs. Nurture Debate in Psychology. Simply Psychology.
D. Jensen, P. (2025). From nature to nurture – how genes and environment interact to shape behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science.
Jensen, P. (2025). From nature to nurture – how genes and environment interact to shape behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science.
Evaluate) After completing the draft, a student asks: "Does my report actually answer the research question?" Which evaluation strategy best addresses this?
A. Re-examine the research question, map each main section of the report to parts of the question, identify gaps in evidence or logic, and revise to directly address any missing elements
B. Assume it does because the paper is complete
C. Shorten the question to fit what the report already covers
D. Add unrelated facts to increase word count
A. Re-examine the research question, map each main section of the report to parts of the question, identify gaps in evidence or logic, and revise to directly address any missing elements