Argument as Conversation
What's an issue?
The tension. An ambivalent point in which a research focuses
Genre
A set of limits that are breakable and expansive, and subject to be hybrid
What is to Establish a territory in writing?
To place your text among a group of conversations (other texts) that have been discussing the subject that your text will also address.
Writing two stories
Story one: writing should be free of errors to be good. Teachers only mark your grammar and ideas are totally ignored.
Story two: Ideas are read and responded to, readers acknowledge a voice, an opinion, an criticize, praise and live thorugh the text.
What's a situation?
The specific geographical and/or time in which something specific is happening
Rhetoric
The field that studies communication situations
What do the author does in the first step (Claiming centrality)?
The author shows the importance, popularity or impact of the theme she is about to discuss?
Transmitting knowledge
Old idea that information or knowledge can be passed on in the exact way it is.
New idea that knowledge is constructed by using information, texts, experiences, feelings and emotions. Each individual is constructing her own paradigms and values throughout time.
Why argument is like a conversation?
Because arguments (texts) are uttered and conceived by people or groups of people.
Construct
A social idea that is commonly accepted but subject to be challenged and modified through ongoing conversations.
What is counter-claiming?
To argue the opposite in regards to what previous authors have argued.
Facts vs arguments
Fact claims to be the undisputable truth.
Argument is a way to link reasons, data, narratives into statements.
What is Entering the conversation - Finding a territory?
To answer to these questions:
What topics have people been talking about?
What is a relevant problem?
What kinds of evidence might persuade readers?
Grammar correctness
The idea that states good writing is error free and that learning grammar rules eventually leads to fine results.
What is to indicate a gap?
Pointing out to a specific area previous authors have failed to notice in their arguments.
Writing is perfectible
New idea: Writing is something we can always get better at, practice and never fully attain perfection.
What's the perceived difference between Fact vs Argument?
Fact claims to be the undisputable truth
Argument is a way to link reasons, data, narratives into statements.
Contingent
The idea that communication depends on many aspects and factors such as time, place, words, institutions, rhetors and context in general.
What is question raising?
To come up with an authentic question regarding the topic as it has been discussed recently.
Texts are ...
1. Facts, general truths, knowledge to be assimilated and understood.
2. People, subjects, who speak their minds within a context and within an ecology of conversations.