Yes and No: Quiz 1
Does the term "Time Immemorial" mean that Indigenous history only began when European explorers arrived on ships?
No, It means history extending back beyond memory, thousands of years before contact
The ______________________ Mountains divide Washington State into two distinct cultural and geographic regions: the wet coast and the dry plateau.
WEIR | CASCADE | CAMAS | SITUATIONAL
Cascade.
Define "Time Immemorial": What does this phrase mean regarding the history of Indigenous peoples in Washington?
Time Immemorial: It refers to the continuous presence of Indigenous Nations for thousands of years, far longer than written records or European arrival.
Did the U.S. government use the "Doctrine of Discovery" to claim land?
Yes – The U.S. used this legal idea to claim rights to land already home to Tribes
The belief that the U.S. had a divine right to expand across the continent is called ____________________.
DOCTRINE OF DISCOVERY | MANIFEST DESTINY | TIME IMMEMORIAL | RESERVATIONS
Manifest Destiny
The Oregon Trail: What were two things that American settlers wanted when they arrived in Washington?
The Oregon Trail: Settlers wanted land for farms and the U.S. government wanted to build a transcontinental railroad
Did the Coast Salish people primarily live in the dry, arid region east of the Cascade Mountains?
No (Coast Salish lived in the wet, western region; Plateau lived in the arid east)
The trade language used to communicate between different tribes at The Dalles was called ______________________.
CAMAS | CHINOOK JARGON | RELAY RACE | DECOLONIZE
Chinook Jargon.
Geography Comparison: How did the environment differ for the Coast Salish (West) compared to the Plateau tribes (East)?
Geography: Coast Salish had wet/lush climate with cedar and ocean resources; Plateau had dry/arid climate with roots and rivers.
Did the U.S. government want to build a transcontinental railroad through Washington?
Yes – The government wanted land for farms and to build a transcontinental railroad
Tribes have lived in the Pacific Northwest since ____________________, long before the U.S. existed.
CEDE | SOVEREIGNTY | MANIFEST DESTINY | TIME IMMEMORIAL
Time Immemorial
Manifest Destiny: Why did many Americans think they were "making the world better" by taking over Native land?
Manifest Destiny: They believed their expansion would make the world better and viewed Indigenous people as "obstacles" to progress
Is a Potlatch a ceremony where a leader gives away wealth to show status and share resources with the community?
Yes (It validated leadership and distributed wealth)
The Plateau tribes relied heavily on ______________________ roots as a staple food source, which Coyote tried to harvest in the story.
CAMAS | CEDAR | WEIR | CHINOOK JARGON
Camas.
The Seasonal Round: Describe the "Seasonal Round." Why was it necessary for Plateau tribes to move throughout the year?
Seasonal Round: Moving carefully throughout the year to manage and gather resources (like camas/salmon) because resources were in different places at different times.
Did the Oregon Trail bring thousands of American settlers to the Pacific Northwest?
Yes – The trail brought thousands of American settlers to the region
The legal idea used by the U.S. to claim land that was already home to Tribes is the ____________________.
MANIFEST DESTINY | RESERVATION | DOCTRINE OF DISCOVERY | PAPER TALK
Doctrine of Discovery
Language Barrier: Why was it a problem that Chinook Jargon only had 500 to 700 words during treaty talks?
Language Barrier: With only 500 to 700 words, it could not explain complex legal ideas like "sovereignty" or "eternal rights
Did the Plateau tribes practice a Seasonal Round, meaning they moved to different locations throughout the year to gather food?
Yes (They moved to harvest roots, berries, and fish)
Coast Salish people built large, permanent villages using wood from the ______________________ tree.
ORAL | SALMON | CAMAS | CEDAR
Cedar.
Coast Salish Housing: Why were the Coast Salish people able to build large, permanent Plank Houses and stay in one place year-round?
Plank Houses: They had abundant resources (salmon/cedar) that allowed them to stay in one place without needing to move constantly for food.
Was Isaac Stevens the first Governor of Washington Territory?
Yes – He was the first Governor of Washington Territory
The government sent officials to write ____________________ to legally move Tribes to smaller areas of land.
TREATIES | CEDE | RESERVATION | SOVEREIGNTY
Treaties
Bully Tactics: How did Isaac Stevens use the threat of the "Great Father’s" army to pressure Tribal leaders?
Bully Tactics: He threatened that if they didn't sign, the government would take the land anyway or send an army
Are petroglyphs paintings made on paper or canvas by prehistoric peoples?
No (Petroglyphs are prehistoric carvings on rock)
In the story "How Fire Came to Earth," the Animal People organized a ______________________ to transport the fire from the dangerous beings to the people.
CASCADE | DECOLONIZE | RELAY RACE | SITUATIONAL
Relay Race.
Potlatch Function: Explain the purpose of the Potlatch ceremony. Was it just a party, or did it serve a bigger purpose?
Potlatch: It was a political and economic system to share wealth, show power, and validate status.
Did Chinook Jargon have enough words to explain complex laws like "sovereignty"?
No – It was a simple trade language that lacked words for complex laws
____________________ was the Governor who also led the railroad survey.
OREGON TRAIL | SOVEREIGNTY | CEDE | ISAAC STEVENS
Isaac Stevens
The Walla Walla Council: Why did the Tribes arrive with 5,000 people and thousands of horses?
The Walla Walla Council: They arrived with ceremony and numbers to show their strength, unity, and preparation to protect their way of life
Salmon is the most important food of the Coast Salish people.
Yes (It expanded trade routes and changed their economy)
Pre-contact laws, history, and science were preserved and passed down through ______________________ tradition rather than written books.
CAMAS | ORAL | WEIR | SALMON
Oral.
Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK): Provide one specific example of TEK mentioned in the packet (like fire or fishing) and explain how it helped the land?
TEK Example: Controlled burns to kill dead plants/keep land healthy OR Fish weirs to manage salmon populations. Among others.
Did Tribal leaders keep their "Reserved Rights" to fish and hunt in usual places?
Yes – Leaders reserved rights to fish and hunt in "usual and accustomed" places
Thousands of American settlers traveled across the ____________________ to find land for farms.
RESERVATION | OREGON TRAIL | SOVEREIGNTY | TIME IMMEMORIAL
Oregon Trail
Was The Dalles a small, private fishing spot used only by one single tribe?
No (It was a massive marketplace where up to 15,000 people met)
In the Coast Salish story, the Changer established laws for fishing to ensure the return of the ______________________, which was seen as a spiritual gift.
SALMON | CAMAS | ORAL | DECOLONIZE
Salmon.
The Dalles: Why was The Dalles considered a major "international" marketplace? Who met there?
The Dalles: It was a hub where up to 15,000 people from different nations met to trade goods like shells and dried salmon.
Did Manifest Destiny mean settlers believed they had a right to expand West?
Yes – It was the belief that the U.S. had a divine right to expand across the continent
To ____________________ means to formally give up land or rights to another government.
TREATIES | PAPER TALK | RESERVATIONS | CEDE
Cede
Does Sovereignty mean that Native Nations had their own governments and laws before the United States existed?
Yes (They governed themselves since Time Immemorial)
A ______________________ is a fish trap or fence built across a river to manage the fish population and catch them selectively.
CAMAS | WEIR | SALMON | CEDAR
Weir.
Story of the Changer: In the Coast Salish story, what lesson did the Changer teach the people about the Salmon?
Changer & Salmon: Teaches that Salmon is a spiritual gift/chief and will only return if treated with respect and reciprocity (following the rules).
Was the Walla Walla Council a meeting that lasted for over two weeks?
No – The council lasted for less than two weeks, 13 days total. It was short.
A ____________________ is an area of land kept (reserved) by a Tribe for its own use.
RESERVATION | SOVEREIGNTY | MANIFEST DESTINY | TREATIES
Reservation
Did the Coast Salish people build Pit Houses (Kekuli) as their primary permanent dwellings?
No (Coast Salish built Plank Houses; Plateau built Pit Houses)
Using the specific Tribal Nation name (like Suquamish) instead of general terms like "Indian" is a way to ______________________ our language.
SITUATIONAL | DECOLONIZE | CAMAS | WEIR
Decolonize.
Impact of Salmon: How did Coast Salish people use salmon and why is Salmon so important to the Coast Salish people?
Salmon: The Coast Salish people used salmon for nearly everything in their lives. Salmon were a main source of food and resources.
Is a "Reservation" an area of land kept by a Tribe for its own use?
Yes – It is an area of land kept or "reserved" by a Tribe for its own use
Tribes used the term ____________________ to describe the written agreements.
ISAAC STEVENS | PAPER TALK | OREGON TRAIL | TIME IMMEMORIAL
Paper Talk
Does Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) involve active management of the land, such as using controlled burns to keep forests healthy?
Yes (TEK includes sophisticated methods like controlled burns)
Leadership in pre-contact tribes was often ______________________, meaning different leaders were chosen for different tasks (like a fishing chief vs. a war leader).
CASCADE | DECOLONIZE | SITUATIONAL | WEIR
Situational
Pre-Contact Governance: Since there were no written constitutions or laws, how did tribes enforce laws and make decisions?
Governance: They used systems relying on elders, family ties (kinship), oral tradition, and situational leadership.
Does the Supremacy Clause say treaties are the "Supreme Law of the Land"?
Yes – Article VI of the Constitution states treaties are the "Supreme Law of the Land"
____________________ is the inherent power of a nation to govern itself.
TREATIES | CEDE | RESERVATIONS | SOVEREIGNTY
Sovereignty