Letters After Letters
LOR
Level of Responsiveness
An effective treatment for a viper or pit viper bite is:
A) A suction device
B) Anti-venom
C) Local cold therapy
D) Pressure immobilization bandage
B) Anti-venom
Treatment of any form of altitude illness can be done with:
A) Aspirin
B) Descent
C) Diamox (acetazolamide)
D) Hydration
B) Descent
Rapid evacuation is recommended for which of these burns?
A) Blistered sunburn of greater than 5% BSA
B) Hot water burns
C) Partial Thickness burns greater than 10% Body Surface Area (BSA)
D) Superficial sunburn greater that 10% BSA
C) Partial Thickness burns greater than 10% Body Surface Area (BSA)
What is the key criterion for deciding whether a patient with a musculoskeletal injury can stay in the field or should be evacuated?
A) How much anti-inflammatory medication you have
B) Location of injury
C) Mechanism of injury
D) Usability
D) Usability
ABCDE
Airway, breathing, circulation, decision, expose
Evacuation guidelines for rattlesnake bites are based upon the concept that:
A) North American snakebites are frequently lethal
B) Signs and symptoms of rattlesnake bites appear quickly or not at all
C) The definitive treatment of snake venom poisoning is anti-venom
D) The venom must be kept in the extremity and kept cool
C) The definitive treatment of snake venom poisoning is anti-venom
Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is:
A) A headache after altitude gain
B) Benign and does not need to be treated
C) Common in people who are out of shape
D) Rare below 10,000 feet (3,000 meters)
A) A headache after altitude gain
Heat cramps are treated with:
A) Gentle stretching
B) Heat packs
C) Massage
D) Penicillin
A) Gentle stretching
Field treatment of compartment syndrome is:
A) Cool compresses and massage
B) Evacuation
C) Positioning the extremity above the heart
D) Positioning the extremity below the heart
B) Evacuation
SAMPLE
Symptoms, allergies, medications, past pertinent history, last ins/outs, event
Non-healing wounds that are suspected spider bites are treated:
A) Similar to any other soft tissue wound
B) With Brown Recluse anti-venom
C) With a pressure immobilization bandage
D) With localized ice therapy
A) Similar to any other soft tissue wound
An indication that mild Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) is progressing to High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) is:
A) Ataxia
B) Headache
C) Insomnia
D) Shortness of Breath
A) Ataxia
Which of the following statements about exercising in hot conditions is false?
A) Acclimatization to heat is recommended
B) Alcohol, antihistamines, antidepressants and amphetamines can contribute to heat illness
C) Heat illness can be the result of cumulative exposure over several days
D) Over-hydration can prevent heat illness
D) Over-hydration can prevent heat illness
The shoulder most commonly dislocates:
A) Anteriorly
B) Laterally
C) Medially
D) Posteriorly
A) Anteriorly
PFA
Psychological First Aid
Rattlesnakes, water moccasins and copperheads are:
A) Atractaspididae
B) Colubrids
C) Crotalids
D) Elapids
C) Crotalids
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE):
A) Can be treated with aggressive hydration
B) Causes the most deaths from altitude illness
C) Happens only to people with underlying heart disease
D) Presents with ataxia and headache
B) Causes the most deaths from altitude illness
A risk factor for heat illness is:
A) Acclimatization before strenuous exercise
B) Good hydration habits
C) Rest during the heat of the day
D) Use of drugs such as antihistamines, alcohol and antidepressants
D) Use of drugs such as antihistamines, alcohol and antidepressants
The available incident data for wilderness schools and programs shows that the most common injuries are soft tissue and:
A) Athletic injuries (i.e., sprains and strains)
B) Dislocations
C) Fractures
D) Wound infections
A) Athletic injuries (i.e., sprains and strains)
OPQRST
Onset, Provokes/palliates, quality, radiation/region/referred, severity, time/trend
Widow spider venom is primarily toxic to:
A) Local tissue
B) Nerves
C) The heart
D) The liver
B) Nerves
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) typically presents with:
A) Ataxia
B) Decreased ability to exercise
C) Severe headache
D) Thick, colored mucus
B) Decreased ability to exercise
The most common mechanism for lightning injury is:
A) Blast injury
B) Direct strike
C) Ground current
D) Splash effect
C) Ground Current
Which of the following is a treatment principle for fractures?
A) Check CSM before and after splinting
B) Immobilize the extremity above and below the fracture
C) Leave open fractures uncovered
D) Splint all fractures in the position found
A) Check CSM before and after splinting