Earthquake Damage
This is a famous earthquake fault in Californa
San Andres Fault
These type of waves go side to side while others roll like ocean waves. Cause the most damage.
Surface Waves (R or L)
This type of scale rates an earthquakes magnitude, based on size of the seismic waves. Accurate for small nearby earthquakes.
Richter Scale
This is a weak spot in the crust where molten material (magma) comes to the Earth’s surface.
Volcano
This is the point beneath Earth’s surface where rock is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake
Focus
This is an earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. May strike hours, days or months later
Aftershock
Known as a compression waves and is the 1st wave. Travel through solids and liquids.
Primary (P) Waves
This rates according to the level (intensity) of damage. Also written in Roman Numerals.
Mercalli Scale
This is an area where magma from deep within the Earth’s mantle melts through the crust above it. This is how the Hawaii Islands formed.
Hot Spot
This is the point on the surface directly above the focus
Epicenter
This occurs after the ocean floor experiences a jolt, caused by a rising plate that pushes the water upwards.
Tsunami
These waves vibrate side to side and up and down. Severe ground movement when reach surface, like waves in an ocean. Only travel through solids.
Secondary (S) Waves
What does "logarithmic" mean?
Increasing by TEN FOLD (or 10x)
This type of volcano repeated lava flows during quiet eruptions that gradually builds a broad, gently sloping mountain.
Shield Volcano
An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth’s crust. Shaped like an “A”
Anticline
This occurs when an earthquake’s violent shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud.
Liquefaction
These are the three types of seismic waves.
Primary (P) Waves, Secondary (S) waves, Surface (L or R) Waves
Name the three types of scales used to measure earthquakes
Mercalli Scale, Richter Scale, Moment Magnitude
This type of volcano has an explosive cinder erupt from and pile up around the vent, creating a cone-shaped hill.
Cinder Cone Volcano
This is the amount of friction of a liquid substance (how well it flows). [hint: volcano notes]
Viscosity
This is a measurement of earthquake strength based on seismic waves and movements along faults
Magnitude
We can locate the wave by measuring _________ between P and S waves on a seismograph
Time
This is a record of intensity, height and amplitude of seismic waves
Seismographs
This volcano stage is a volcano that has had at least one eruption during the past 10,000 years. It could be dormant or erupting
Active Volcano
__________ is the block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault. And _____________ is the block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault.
Hanging Wall, Footwall