WW1
Ways of financing the War
Liberty Bonds and income taxes.
This peace plan created by Woodrow Wilson at the end of WW1 established many ideas and creations he would like to bring to the world in a means of keeping democracy and maintaining a pacifist perspective.
14 Points
The economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s.
Great Depression
October 29th, 1929: the day when prices in the stock market took a steep dive, plunging over $10 million dollars.
-Beginning of the Great Depression.
Black Tuesday
The New Deal program that began in 1933, putting nearly 3 million young men to work; workers were paid little, but worked on conservation projects and maintain beaches and parks. This program started for young women began in 1937.
Civil Conservation Corps (CCC)
German policy announced in January of 1917 that stated all ships would be sunk including American ships. They used the Sussex pledge to justify this policy as U.S. had not persuaded the Allies to stop the blockade. The Germans believed the U.S. would enter the war too late.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations
Henry Cabot Lodge
31st President of the United States president in 1929 when the stock market crashed and the economy collapsed.
Herbert Hoover
Created for both industrial recovery and for unemployment relief. Headed by the Secretary of Interior Harold L. Ickes, it aimed at long-range recovery and spent $4 billion on thousands of projects that included public buildings, highways, and parkways.
Public Works Administration - 1935
Was passed in 1933 as part of the First New Deal. At that time, farmers were growing more and more crops, hoping that increase volume could compensate for falling prices. This taxed food processors like millers and meat packers and used the money to pay farmers who cut production by up to one half. This was overturned by the Supreme Court in United States v. Butler.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
A note sent from Germany to Mexico, intercepted by Britain, which proposed a secret alliance with Mexico; if Germany won the war, they would help Mexico get back TX, NM, and AZ.
Zimmerman telegram
The treaty made by the peace conference that took place outside Paris in which every nation that had fought on the Allied side of the war was represented, including members of the Big Four.
Treaty of Versailles
Group of WWI veterans who were supposed to be given economic relief from the government due to their involvement in the war. However, in 1932 the deadline for the veterans was pushed back by the government to a latter date thus causing the group to march onto Washington to demand their money.
Bonus March
Battle of Washington
A law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations and enforcing law and supervising shop elections.
National Labor Relations Act - 1935
This made funds available to refinance mortgages in the country.
Home Owner's Refinancing Act (HOLC)
1919 Supreme Court case in which the constitutionality of the Espionage Act was upheld in a case of a man who was imprisoned for distributing pamphlets against the draft. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said the right to free speech could be limited when it represented a "clear and present danger" to public safety
Schenck v. US
The prized part of Wilson's original Fourteen Points that established a purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.
League of Nations
President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state. His programs were meant to combat economic depression and it enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy.
New Deal
United States federal law that applies to employees engaged in and producing goods for interstate commerce. The FLSA established a national minimum wage, guaranteed time and a half for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment of minors in "oppressive child labor," a term defined in the statute.
Fair Labor Standards 1938
1933 New Deal legislation that created the WPA, which created jobs to put people back to work right away. It also created the National Recovery Administration (NRA), who worked in conjunction with industry to bolster the industrial sector and create more long-lasting jobs.
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
1917 act gave the government new ways to combat spying and set heavy fines and long prison terms for antiwar activities
Espionage Act
This gave women suffrage in 1920. Women were guaranteed the right to vote after a century of conflicts.
nineteenth amendment
A novel about a struggling farm family during the Great Depression.
-Gave a face to the violence and exploitation that migrant farm workers faced in America.
John Steinbeck, Grapes of Wrath
One of the most comprehensive New Deal laws, a May 1933 law that gave $500 million to state and local treasuries that had run out of money.
Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)
This was created in 1935, as a part of the Second New Deal. It provides retirement benefits to many workers, including the disabled and those whose primary provider has died. It also pays for the disability and survivor benefits and is financed by a tax that most workers must pay on their earnings.
Social Security Administration