The Great Depression & New Deal
In what year did the stock market crash that helped accelerate the Great Depression occur?
1929
Who became Germany's chancellor on January 30, 1933?
Hitler
Who became Italy's prime minister in 1922 and later established a Fascist dictatorship?
Benito Mussolini
What Asian country did Japan formally annex in 1910?
Korea
What international organization was established after World War I to promote peace and collective security?
The League of Nations
What is the term for purchasing stocks using borrowed money?
Buying on margin
What economic crisis in 1923 caused German money to lose its value extremely rapidly?
Hyperinflation
What was the name of the Fascist paramilitary organization that intimidated and attacked political opponents?
The Blackshirts
What region of northeastern China did Japan invade in 1931?
Manchuria
What African American cultural movement of the 1920s produced major achievements in jazz, literature, and visual art?
The Harlem Renaissance
What were the three main goals of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal?
Relief, Recovery, and Reform
What article of the Weimar Constitution allowed the president to issue emergency decrees?
Article 48
What event in October 1922 pressured King Victor Emmanuel III to appoint Mussolini prime minister?
What was the reformation called that modernized Japan?
Meiji Restoration
What term describes the principle that aggression against one member of an international organization should concern all its members?
Collective security
What British economist argued that government spending could help increase demand and reduce unemployment during an economic depression?
John Maynard Keynes (or just Keynes)
What law passed in March 1933 allowed Hitler's government to make laws without parliamentary approval?
The Enabling Act
What 1923 electoral law helped Mussolini strengthen Fascist control of the Italian parliament?
The Acerbo Law
What Japanese-controlled state was established in Manchuria in 1932?
Manchuko
Name two areas in which women's roles or rights expanded during World War I and the interwar period.
Any two: industrial employment, transportation, agricultural work, medical services, voting rights, educational opportunities, or political participation.
Identify three economic factors, other than the stock market crash, that contributed to the Great Depression.
Any three: banking failures, agricultural overproduction, consumer debt, unequal distribution of wealth, declining consumer spending, or international financial instability.
Name three methods the Nazis used to dismantle German democracy during 1933.
Any three: political intimidation and violence, suspension of civil liberties through the Reichstag Fire Decree, passage of the Enabling Act, elimination of opposition parties, suppression of trade unions, or censorship.
Which African country did Italy invade in 1935, and why did the League of Nations fail to stop the conquest?
Ethiopia. The League imposed limited economic sanctions but lacked effective enforcement and sufficient cooperation from major powers.
What 1937 incident led to full-scale war between Japan and China, and what was the name of the conflict?
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident; the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Identify two major weaknesses of the League of Nations that prevented it from effectively responding to Japanese and Italian aggression.
Any two: no independent military force, dependence on member states to enforce decisions, limited economic sanctions, lack of cooperation from major powers, or the absence of the United States.